Department of Pediatrics

Clinical Interests

Dr. Bacharier is Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine at Washington University School of Medicine, USA Clinical Director of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, and Unit Co-Leader for the Pediatric Patient Oriented Research Unit. He received his undergraduate degree in biophysics from The Johns Hopkins University, USA and his medical degree from Washington University School of Medicine. Dr. Bacharier was an intern and resident in pediatrics at St. Louis Children's Hospital and a fellow in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology at Children's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School. He was a recipient of the 2005 Samuel R. Goldstein Leadership Award in Medical Student Education from Washington University School of Medicine and is a member of several organizations including the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, and the American Thoracic Society. Dr. Bacharier's research focuses on childhood asthma. Specifically, he is a Principal Investigator in the NHLBI-funded AsthmaNet, a multi-centered network examining therapeutic approaches to childhood asthma. He is an investigator in the NHLBI’s Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) and the Inner City Asthma Consortium’s URECA study examining the influence of urban environments on the development of asthma and allergic disorders. He is also an Investigator in the American Lung Association’s Asthma Clinical Research Center Network. Dr. Bacharier is also currently investigating the role of early infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus upon the subsequent development of asthma.

Education

• BA, General and Department Honors, The Johns Hopkins University, 1988
• MD, Washington University School of Medicine, 1992

Training

• Internship and Residency, St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1992 - 1995
• Fellowship , Children's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School , 1995 - 1998

Licensure and Board Certification

• Diplomate, National Board of Medical Examiners , 1993
• Diplomate, American Board of Pediatrics, Recertified 2002 , 1996
• Diplomate, American Board of Allergy and Immunology, Recertified 2006 , 1997
• MO, Medical License , 1998

Honors

• Washington University Student Research Fellowship, 1989
• ACAAI Travel Grant, 1996
• The Distinguished Residents and Fellows Asthma Education Program, London, England, 1996
• AAAAI Travel Grant, 1997 and 1998, 1997
• National Institutes of Health Pediatric Research Loan Repayment Award (renewal 2004-6), 2002 - 2004
• Samuel R. Goldstein Leadership Award in Medical Student Education, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2005
• Alpha Omega Alpha, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2013
• Harvey R. Colten, MD Scholar in Pediatrics, 2015 - 2016

Recent Publications view all (141)

Publication Co-Authors

Gregory A. Storch, M.D.

Todd Druley, M.D., Ph.D.

Caroline C. Horner, M.D.

Kristine Wylie, Ph.D.

Richard Buller, Ph.D. D(ABMM)

Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, M.D.

Andrea Coverstone, M.D.

Mario Castro

Charles Canter, M.D.

Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, M.D., MSCI

Avraham Beigelman, M.D.

Jane M. Garbutt, M.D.

Ana María Arbeláez, M.D. MSCI

Gordon R. Bloomberg, M.D.

Todd Wylie

Christina G. Kwong, MD

S. Celeste Morley, M.D., Ph.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Leonard B. Bacharier, M.D.

1. Ramratnam SK, Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW. Severe Asthma in Children J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(4):889-898. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.031  PMID:28689839 
2. Savage JH, Lee-Sarwar KA, Sordillo J, Bunyavanich S, Zhou Y, O'Connor G, Sandel M, Bacharier LB, Zeiger R, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Gold DR, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. A prospective microbiome-wide association study of food sensitization and food allergy in early childhood. Allergy. 2017. PMID:28632934 
3. Mirzakhani H, O'Connor G, Bacharier LB, Zeiger RS, Schatz MX, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Asthma control status in pregnancy, body mass index, and maternal vitamin D levels. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. PMID:28606587 
4. Phipatanakul W, Mauger DT, Sorkness RL, Gaffin JM, Holguin F, Woodruff PG, Ly NP, Bacharier LB, Bhakta NR, Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Castro M, Fahy JV, Fitzpatrick AM, Gaston BM, Jarjour NN, Levy BD, Peters SP, Teague WG, Fajt M, Wenzel SE, Erzurum SC, Israel E, Severe Asthma Research Program. Effects of Age and Disease Severity on Systemic Corticosteroid Responses in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(11):1439-1448. PMCID:PMC5470749  PMID:27967215 
5. Kwong CG, Bacharier LB. Microbes and the Role of Antibiotic Treatment for Wheezy Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(5):34. PMID:28456910 
6. Ehlers A, Xie W, Agapov E, Brown S, Steinberg D, Tidwell R, Sajol G, Schutz R, Weaver R, Yu H, Castro M, Bacharier LB, Wang X, Holtzman MJ, Haspel JA. BMAL1 links the circadian clock to viral airway pathology and asthma phenotypes. Mucosal Immunol. 2017. PMID:28401936 
7. Lee-Sarwar KA, Bacharier LB, Litonjua AA. Strategies to alter the natural history of childhood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(2):139-145. PMID:28079559 
8. Bacharier LB, Szefler SJ. Pediatric asthma - moving ahead faster than ever. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(2):96-98. PMID:28225363 
9. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Management of preschool recurrent wheezing and asthma: a phenotype-based approach. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(2):131-138. PMID:28118241 
10. Bacharier LB. Reducing Exposure to Mouse Allergen Among Children and Adolescents With Asthma Is Achievable, but Is It Enough? JAMA. 2017;317(10):1023-1025. PMID:28264092 
11. Wolsk HM, Harshfield BJ, Laranjo N, Carey VJ, O'Connor G, Sandel M, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, prenatal 25(OH)D levels, race, and subsequent asthma or recurrent wheeze in offspring: Secondary analyses from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. PMID:28285844 
12. Denlinger LC, Phillips BR, Ramratnam S, Ross K, Bhakta NR, Cardet JC, Castro M, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Aujla S, Bacharier LB, Bleecker ER, Comhair SA, Coverstone A, DeBoer M, Erzurum SC, Fain SB, Fajt M, Fitzpatrick AM, Gaffin J, Gaston B, Hastie AT, Hawkins GA, Holguin F, Irani AM, Israel E, Levy BD, Ly N, Meyers DA, Moore WC, Myers R, Opina MT, Peters MC, Schiebler ML, Sorkness RL, Teague WG, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Mauger DT, Fahy JV, Jarjour NN, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Severe Asthma Research Program-3 Investigators. Inflammatory and Comorbid Features of Patients with Severe Asthma and Frequent Exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(3):302-313. PMCID:PMC5328178  PMID:27556234 
13. Sordillo JE, Zhou Y, McGeachie MJ, Ziniti J, Lange N, Laranjo N, Savage JR, Carey V, O'Connor G, Sandel M, Strunk R, Bacharier L, Zeiger R, Weiss ST, Weinstock G, Gold DR, Litonjua AA. Factors influencing the infant gut microbiome at age 3-6 months: Findings from the ethnically diverse Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(2):482-491.e14. PMCID:PMC5303123  PMID:27746239 
14. Bacharier LB, Szefler SJ. Editorial: moving ahead faster than ever. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. PMID:28141627 
15. Gern JE, Calatroni A, Jaffee KF, Lynn H, Dresen A, Cruikshank WW, Lederman HM, Sampson HA, Shreffler W, Bacharier LB, Gergen PJ, Gold DR, Kattan M, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Wood RA, Bloomberg GR. Patterns of immune development in urban preschoolers with recurrent wheeze and/or atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017. PMCID:PMC5509531  PMID:28089873 
16. Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Mauger DT, Boehmer SJ, Phipatanakul W, Sheehan WJ, Moy JN, Paul IM, Bacharier LB, Cabana MD, Covar R, Holguin F, Lemanske RF Jr, Martinez FD, Pongracic JA, Beigelman A, Baxi SN, Benson M, Blake K, Chmiel JF, Daines CL, Daines MO, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Gower WA, Israel E, Kumar HV, Lang JE, Lazarus SC, Lima JJ, Ly N, Marbin J, Morgan W, Myers RE, Olin JT, Peters SP, Raissy HH, Robison RG, Ross K, Sorkness CA, Thyne SM, Szefler SJ, NIH/NHLBI AsthmaNet. Individualized therapy for persistent asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(6):1608-1618.e12. PMCID:PMC5148729  PMID:27777180 
17. Mirzakhani H, Litonjua AA, McElrath TF, O'Connor G, Lee-Parritz A, Iverson R, Macones G, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger R, Hollis BW, Handy DE, Sharma A, Laranjo N, Carey V, Qiu W, Santolini M, Liu S, Chhabra D, Enquobahrie DA, Williams MA, Loscalzo J, Weiss ST. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(12):4702-4715. PMCID:PMC5127689  PMID:27841759 
18. Castro M, Bacharier LB. Treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma-consistent effect of anti-interleukin-5 antibodies? Lancet. 2016;388(10056):2059-2060. PMID:27609409 
19. Pongracic JA, Krouse RZ, Babineau DC, Zoratti EM, Cohen RT, Wood RA, Khurana Hershey GK, Kercsmar CM, Gruchalla RS, Kattan M, Teach SJ, Johnson CC, Bacharier LB, Gern JE, Sigelman SM, Gergen PJ, Togias A, Visness CM, Busse WW, Liu AH. Distinguishing characteristics of difficult-to-control asthma in inner-city children and adolescents. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(4):1030-1041. PMCID:PMC5379996  PMID:27720017 
20. Sheehan WJ, Mauger DT, Paul IM, Moy JN, Boehmer SJ, Szefler SJ, Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Bacharier LB, Cabana MD, Covar R, Holguin F, Lemanske RF Jr, Martinez FD, Pongracic JA, Beigelman A, Baxi SN, Benson M, Blake K, Chmiel JF, Daines CL, Daines MO, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Gower WA, Israel E, Kumar HV, Lang JE, Lazarus SC, Lima JJ, Ly N, Marbin J, Morgan WJ, Myers RE, Olin JT, Peters SP, Raissy HH, Robison RG, Ross K, Sorkness CA, Thyne SM, Wechsler ME, Phipatanakul W, NIH/NHLBI AsthmaNet. Acetaminophen versus Ibuprofen in Young Children with Mild Persistent Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(7):619-30. PMCID:PMC5085065  PMID:27532828 
21. Kaiser SV, Huynh T, Bacharier LB, Rosenthal JL, Bakel LA, Parkin PC, Cabana MD. Preventing Exacerbations in Preschoolers With Recurrent Wheeze: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016;137(6). PMID:27230765 
22. Zhou Y, Bacharier LB, Isaacson-Schmid M, Baty J, Schechtman KB, Sajol G, Wylie K, Storch GA, Castro M, Beigelman A. Azithromycin therapy during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Upper airway microbiome alterations and subsequent recurrent wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. PMID:27339392 
23. Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Martinez FD. Early Azithromycin Treatment to Prevent Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Children--Reply. JAMA. 2016;315(19):2122-3. PMID:27187309 
24. Horner CC, Dula C, Bacharier LB, Garbutt JM, Gonzalez C, Deych E, Shannon WD, Strunk RC. Daily global stress is associated with nocturnal asthma awakenings in school-age children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. PMID:27246525 
25. Reid, B., Girodet, P., Boomer, J.S., Abdel-Gadir, A., Zheng, K., Wechsler, M.E., Bacharier, L.B., Kunselman, S.J., King, T.S., Israel, E., Castro, M., Cernadas, M., Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D insufficient asthmatics does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol (In Press). 2016. 
26. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Early-life respiratory infections and asthma development: role in disease pathogenesis and potential targets for disease prevention. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):172-8. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000244  PMID:26854761 
27. Kitcharoensakkul M, Bacharier LB, Yin-Declue H, Boomer JS, Burgdorf D, Wilson B, Schechtman K, Castro M. Temporal biological variability in dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of healthy adults. J Immunol Methods. 2016;431:63-5. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.006  PMCID:PMC4801223  PMID:26859243 
28. Wandalsen GF, Solé D, Bacharier LB. Identification of infants and preschool children at risk for asthma: predictive scores and biomarkers. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):120-6. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000240  PMID:26807784 
29. Jiao J, King TS, McKenzie M, Bacharier LB, Dixon AE, Codispoti CD, Dunn RM, Grossman NL, Lugogo NL, Ramratnam SK, Traister RS, Wechsler ME, Castro M, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's AsthmaNet. Vitamin D₃ therapy in patients with asthma complicated by sinonasal disease: Secondary analysis of the Vitamin D Add-on Therapy Enhances Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Asthma trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1329  PMID:26971692 
30. Kakumanu S, Jaffee K, Visness CM, Dresen A, Burger M, Witter FR, O'Connor GT, Cruikshank WW, Shreffler WG, Bacharier LB, Gern JE. The influence of atopy and asthma on immune responses in inner-city adults. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2016;4(1):80-90. doi:10.1002/iid3.96  PMCID:PMC4768071  PMID:27042305 
31. Reid B, Girodet PO, Boomer JS, Abdel-Gadir A, Zheng K, Wechsler ME, Bacharier LB, Kunselman SJ, King TS, Israel E, Castro M, Cernadas M, Green JM. Vitamin D3 treatment of vitamin D-insufficient asthmatic patients does not alter immune cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.030  PMID:26874367 
32. Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, McElrath TF, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Iverson RE Jr, Lee-Paritz A, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Macones GA, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Hornsby E, Hawrylowicz C, Wu AC, Weiss ST. Effect of Prenatal Supplementation With Vitamin D on Asthma or Recurrent Wheezing in Offspring by Age 3 Years: The VDAART Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):362-70. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18589  PMID:26813209 
33. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Management of Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheezing: Lessons from the NHLBI's Asthma Research Networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.003  PMCID:PMC4715860  PMID:26772922 
34. Dillon MB, Schulten V, Oseroff C, Paul S, Dullanty LM, Frazier A, Belles X, Piulachs MD, Visness C, Bacharier L, Bloomberg GR, Busse P, Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Different Bla-g T cell antigens dominate responses in asthma versus rhinitis subjects. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45(12):1856-67. doi:10.1111/cea.12643  PMCID:PMC4654660  PMID:26414909 
35. Bacharier LB. The recurrently wheezing preschool child-benign or asthma in the making? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(6):463-70. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2015.09.019  PMID:26653278 
36. Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Boehmer S, Beigelman A, Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Baxi SN, Benson M, Burnham CA, Cabana M, Castro M, Chmiel JF, Covar R, Daines M, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Holguin F, Israel E, Kelly HW, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF Jr, Ly N, Meade K, Morgan W, Moy J, Olin T, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Pongracic JA, Raissy HH, Ross K, Sheehan WJ, Sorkness C, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Thyne S, Martinez FD, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s AsthmaNet. Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314(19):2034-44. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13896  PMCID:PMC4757487  PMID:26575060 
37. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Reply: To PMID 25458910. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(4):1135-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.013  PMID:26309182 
38. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB, Baty J, Buller R, Mason S, Schechtman KB, Sajol G, Isaacson-Schmid M, Castro M, Storch GA. Does azithromycin modify viral load during severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(4):1129-31. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.011  PMCID:PMC4600448  PMID:26215052 
39. Beigelman A, Castro M, Schweiger TL, Wilson BS, Zheng J, Yin-DeClue H, Sajol G, Giri T, Sierra OL, Isaacson-Schmid M, Sumino K, Schechtman KB, Bacharier LB. Vitamin D Levels Are Unrelated to the Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Among Hospitalized Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015;4(3):182-8. doi:10.1093/jpids/piu042  PMCID:PMC4554201  PMID:26336601 
40. Smith LJ, Kalhan R, Wise RA, Sugar EA, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Dozor AJ, Holbrook JT, American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers. Effect of a soy isoflavone supplement on lung function and clinical outcomes in patients with poorly controlled asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(20):2033-43. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.5024  PMID:26010632 
41. Beigelman A, Isaacson-Schmid M, Sajol G, Baty J, Rodriguez OM, Leege E, Lyons K, Schweiger TL, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Castro M, Bacharier LB. Randomized trial to evaluate azithromycin's effects on serum and upper airway IL-8 levels and recurrent wheezing in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(5):1171-1178.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.001  PMCID:PMC4426225  PMID:25458910 
42. Coverstone A, Bacharier LB, Fitzpatrick AM. Severe asthma in school-age children: evaluation and phenotypic advances. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(5):20. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0521-5  PMID:26134431 
43. Gerald JK, Gerald LB, Vasquez MM, Morgan WJ, Boehmer SJ, Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Bacharier LB, Bade E, Covar RA, Guilbert TW, Heidarian-Raissy H, Kelly HW, Malka-Rais J, Sorkness CA, Taussig LM, Chinchilli VM, Martinez FD. Markers of Differential Response to Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment Among Children with Mild Persistent Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.01.023  PMID:25783161 
44. Beigelman A, Chipps BE, Bacharier LB. Update on the utility of corticosteroids in acute pediatric respiratory disorders. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(5):332-8. doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3865  PMCID:PMC4548893  PMID:26314814 
45. Strunk RC, Colvin R, Bacharier LB, Fuhlbrigge A, Forno E, Arbelaez AM, Tantisira KG, Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Airway Obstruction Worsens in Young Adults with Asthma Who Become Obese. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(5):765-71.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.05.009  PMCID:PMC4568157  PMID:26164807 
46. Torgerson DG, Giri T, Druley TE, Zheng J, Huntsman S, Seibold MA, Young AL, Schweiger T, Yin-Declue H, Sajol GD, Schechtman KB, Hernandez RD, Randolph AG, Bacharier LB, Castro M. Pooled Sequencing of Candidate Genes Implicates Rare Variants in the Development of Asthma Following Severe RSV Bronchiolitis in Infancy. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142649. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142649  PMCID:PMC4654486  PMID:26587832 
47. Lynch SV, Wood RA, Boushey H, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Calatroni A, Matsui E, Johnson CC, Lynn H, Visness CM, Jaffee KF, Gergen PJ, Gold DR, Wright RJ, Fujimura K, Rauch M, Busse WW, Gern JE. Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):593-601.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.018  PMID:24908147 
48. Witt CA, Sheshadri A, Carlstrom L, Tarsi J, Kozlowski J, Wilson B, Gierada DS, Hoffman E, Fain SB, Cook-Granroth J, Sajol G, Sierra O, Giri T, O'Neill M, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Bacharier LB, Jarjour N, Busse W, Castro M, NHLBI Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP). Longitudinal changes in airway remodeling and air trapping in severe asthma. Acad Radiol. 2014;21(8):986-93. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2014.05.001  PMCID:PMC4100072  PMID:25018070 
49. Dinakar C, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Bacharier LB, Li J, Kercsmar CM, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D, Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, Practice Parameter Workgroup, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Management of acute loss of asthma control in the yellow zone: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;113(2):143-59. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.017  PMID:25065350 
50. Bousquet J, Gern JE, Martinez FD, Anto JM, Johnson CC, Holt PG, Lemanske RF Jr, Le Souëf PN, Tepper RS, von Mutius ER, Arshad SH, Bacharier LB, Becker A, Belanger K, Bergström A, Bernstein DI, Cabana MD, Carroll KN, Castro M, Cooper PJ, Gillman MW, Gold DR, Henderson J, Heinrich J, Hong SJ, Jackson DJ, Keil T, Kozyrskyj AL, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Miller RL, Momas I, Morgan WJ, Noel P, Ownby DR, Pinart M, Ryan PH, Schwaninger JM, Sears MR, Simpson A, Smit HA, Stern DA, Subbarao P, Valenta R, Wang X, Weiss ST, Wood R, Wright AL, Wright RJ, Togias A, Gergen PJ. Birth cohorts in asthma and allergic diseases: report of a NIAID/NHLBI/MeDALL joint workshop. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(6):1535-46. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.018  PMCID:PMC4088262  PMID:24636091 
51. Bacharier LB. Early-life weight gain, prematurity, and asthma development. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1330-1. PMID:24766877 
52. Beigelman A, Zeiger RS, Mauger D, Strunk RC, Jackson DJ, Martinez FD, Morgan WJ, Covar R, Szefler SJ, Taussig LM, Bacharier LB, Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The association between vitamin D status and the rate of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1489-92, 1492.e1-3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.024  PMCID:PMC4086617  PMID:24698320 
53. Litonjua AA, Lange NE, Carey VJ, Brown S, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, O'Connor GT, Sandel M, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Hollis BW, Weiss ST. The Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART): rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of asthma and allergies in children. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014;38(1):37-50. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.02.006  PMCID:PMC4086903  PMID:24614387 
54. Castro M, King TS, Kunselman SJ, Cabana MD, Denlinger L, Holguin F, Kazani SD, Moore WC, Moy J, Sorkness CA, Avila P, Bacharier LB, Bleecker E, Boushey HA, Chmiel J, Fitzpatrick AM, Gentile D, Hundal M, Israel E, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, LaForce C, Lazarus SC, Lemanske R, Lugogo N, Martin RJ, Mauger DT, Naureckas E, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Que LG, Sheshadri A, Smith L, Solway J, Sullivan-Vedder L, Sumino K, Wechsler ME, Wenzel S, White SR, Sutherland ER, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s AsthmaNet. Effect of vitamin D3 on asthma treatment failures in adults with symptomatic asthma and lower vitamin D levels: the VIDA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(20):2083-91. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5052  PMID:24838406 
55. Beigelman A, Weinstock GM, Bacharier LB. The relationships between environmental bacterial exposure, airway bacterial colonization, and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14(2):137-42. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000036  PMID:24451910 
56. Jones RC, Price D, Ryan D, Sims EJ, von Ziegenweidt J, Mascarenhas L, Burden A, Halpin DM, Winter R, Hill S, Kearney M, Holton K, Moger A, Freeman D, Chisholm A, Bateman ED, Respiratory Effectiveness Group. Opportunities to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in routine care in the UK: a retrospective study of a clinical cohort. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(4):267-76. PMID:24717623 
57. Wandalsen GF, Chong-Neto HJ, de Souza FS, Solé D, Bacharier LB. Early weight gain and the development of asthma and atopy in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14(2):126-30. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000037  PMID:24451911 
58. Beigelman A, Zeiger RS, Kelly HW, Bacharier LB, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The challenge of treating preschool wheezing episodes: the need for evidence-based approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(4):1016-7. PMCID:PMC4121115  PMID:24529412 
59. Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Infection-induced wheezing in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):603-4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.001  PMCID:PMC4086475  PMID:24636478 
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74. Zeiger RS, Mauger D, Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Martinez FD, Lemanske RF Jr, Strunk RC, Covar R, Szefler SJ, Boehmer S, Jackson DJ, Sorkness CA, Gern JE, Kelly HW, Friedman NJ, Mellon MH, Schatz M, Morgan WJ, Chinchilli VM, Raissy HH, Bade E, Malka-Rais J, Beigelman A, Taussig LM, CARE Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1990-2001. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104647  PMCID:PMC3247621  PMID:22111718 
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77. Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Allen DB, Zeiger RS, Lemanske RF Jr, Szefler SJ, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Covar R, Sorkness CA, Taussig LM, Martinez FD, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Growth of preschool children at high risk for asthma 2 years after discontinuation of fluticasone. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(5):956-63.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.027  PMCID:PMC3224818  PMID:21820163 
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79. Chipps BE, Bacharier LB, Harder JM. Phenotypic expressions of childhood wheezing and asthma: implications for therapy. J Pediatr. 2011;158(6):878-884.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.01.057  PMID:21429508 
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81. Martinez FD, Chinchilli VM, Morgan WJ, Boehmer SJ, Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Bacharier LB, Bade E, Covar RA, Friedman NJ, Guilbert TW, Heidarian-Raissy H, Kelly HW, Malka-Rais J, Mellon MH, Sorkness CA, Taussig L. Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9766):650-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62145-9  PMID:21324520 
82. Fitzpatrick AM, Teague WG, Meyers DA, Peters SP, Li X, Li H, Wenzel SE, Aujla S, Castro M, Bacharier LB, Gaston BM, Bleecker ER, Moore WC, National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. Heterogeneity of severe asthma in childhood: confirmation by cluster analysis of children in the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(2):382-389.e1-13. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.015  PMCID:PMC3060668  PMID:21195471 
83. Lötvall J, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, Bjermer L, Casale TB, Custovic A, Lemanske RF Jr, Wardlaw AJ, Wenzel SE, Greenberger PA. Asthma endotypes: a new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(2):355-60. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.037  PMID:21281866 
84. Rabinovitch N, Graber NJ, Chinchilli VM, Sorkness CA, Zeiger RS, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Martinez FD, Szefler SJ, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Urinary leukotriene E4/exhaled nitric oxide ratio and montelukast response in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):545-51.e1-4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.008  PMCID:PMC2935914  PMID:20816189 
85. Simon MR, Chinchilli VM, Phillips BR, Sorkness CA, Lemanske RF Jr, Szefler SJ, Taussig L, Bacharier LB, Morgan W, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio in relation to clinical and physiological parameters in asthmatic children with normal FEV1 values. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):527-34.e1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.016  PMCID:PMC2933964  PMID:20638110 
86. Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Sorkness CA, Jackson DJ, Boehmer SJ, Martinez FD, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Bacharier LB, Covar RA, Guilbert TW, Larsen G, Morgan WJ, Moss MH, Spahn JD, Taussig LM, Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Step-up therapy for children with uncontrolled asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(11):975-85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001278  PMCID:PMC2989902  PMID:20197425 
87. Chen E, Strunk RC, Bacharier LB, Chan M, Miller GE. Socioeconomic status associated with exhaled nitric oxide responses to acute stress in children with asthma. Brain Behav Immun. 2010;24(3):444-50. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.11.017  PMCID:PMC2826564  PMID:19961922 
88. Paul IM, Camera L, Zeiger RS, Guilbert TW, Bacharier LB, Taussig LM, Morgan WJ, Covar RA, Krawiec M, Bloomberg GR, Mauger DT, Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network. Relationship between infant weight gain and later asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010;21(1 Pt 1):82-9. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00926.x  PMCID:PMC2887600  PMID:19725894 
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90. Silver E, Yin-DeClue H, Schechtman KB, Grayson MH, Bacharier LB, Castro M. Lower levels of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood are associated with a diagnosis of asthma 6 yr after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009;20(5):471-6. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00818.x  PMCID:PMC3515331  PMID:19140903 
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94. Strunk RC, Sternberg AL, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Bender B, Tonascia J, Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) Research Group. Long-term budesonide or nedocromil treatment, once discontinued, does not alter the course of mild to moderate asthma in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2009;154(5):682-7. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.036  PMCID:PMC2942076  PMID:19167726 
95. American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers, Mastronarde JG, Anthonisen NR, Castro M, Holbrook JT, Leone FT, Teague WG, Wise RA. Efficacy of esomeprazole for treatment of poorly controlled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1487-99. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0806290  PMCID:PMC2974569  PMID:19357404 
96. Larsen GL, Morgan W, Heldt GP, Mauger DT, Boehmer SJ, Chinchilli VM, Lemanske RF Jr, Martinez F, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Taussig LM, Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Radford S, Sorkness CA, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Impulse oscillometry versus spirometry in a long-term study of controller therapy for pediatric asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(4):861-7.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.036  PMID:19070356 
97. Knuffman JE, Sorkness CA, Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Boehmer SJ, Martinez FD, Bacharier LB, Strunk RC, Szefler SJ, Zeiger RS, Taussig LM, Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Phenotypic predictors of long-term response to inhaled corticosteroid and leukotriene modifier therapies in pediatric asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(2):411-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.11.016  PMCID:PMC2662352  PMID:19121860 
98. Horner CC, Bacharier LB. Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschool and school-age children: focus on the 2007 NAEPP Guidelines. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2009;15(1):52-6. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32831da8ea  PMID:19077706 
99. Bacharier LB, Phillips BR, Zeiger RS, Szefler SJ, Martinez FD, Lemanske RF Jr, Sorkness CA, Bloomberg GR, Morgan WJ, Paul IM, Guilbert T, Krawiec M, Covar R, Larsen G, Mellon M, Moss MH, Chinchilli VM, Taussig LM, Strunk RC, CARE Network. Episodic use of an inhaled corticosteroid or leukotriene receptor antagonist in preschool children with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(6):1127-1135.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.029  PMCID:PMC2753208  PMID:18973936 
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105. Panettieri RA Jr, Covar R, Grant E, Hillyer EV, Bacharier L. Natural history of asthma: persistence versus progression-does the beginning predict the end? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(3):607-13. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.01.006  PMID:18328890 
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118. MacDowell AL, Bacharier LB. Infectious triggers of asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2005;25(1):45-66. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2004.09.011  PMID:15579364 
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128. Chen E, Fisher EB, Bacharier LB, Strunk RC. Socioeconomic status, stress, and immune markers in adolescents with asthma. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(6):984-92. PMID:14645776 
129. Strunk RC, Sternberg AL, Bacharier LB, Szefler SJ. Nocturnal awakening caused by asthma in children with mild-to-moderate asthma in the childhood asthma management program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(3):395-403. PMID:12209085 
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132. Weiss ST, Van Natta ML, Zeiger RS. Relationship between increased airway responsiveness and asthma severity in the childhood asthma management program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(1):50-6. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9811005  PMID:10903219 
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135. Bacharier LB, Geha RS. Molecular mechanisms of IgE regulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;105(2 Pt 2):S547-58. PMID:10669540 
136. Nelson HS, Szefler SJ, Jacobs J, Huss K, Shapiro G, Sternberg AL. The relationships among environmental allergen sensitization, allergen exposure, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104(4 Pt 1):775-85. PMID:10518821 
137. Morio T, Hanissian SH, Bacharier LB, Teraoka H, Nonoyama S, Seki M, Kondo J, Nakano H, Lee SK, Geha RS, Yata J. Ku in the cytoplasm associates with CD40 in human B cells and translocates into the nucleus following incubation with IL-4 and anti-CD40 mAb. Immunity. 1999;11(3):339-48. PMID:10514012 
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139. Zeiger RS, Dawson C, Weiss S. Relationships between duration of asthma and asthma severity among children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103(3 Pt 1):376-87. PMID:10069869 
140. Bacharier LB, Geha RS. Regulation of IgE synthesis: the molecular basis and implications for clinical modulation. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1999;20(1):1-8. PMID:10076703 
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