Department of Pediatrics

Clinical Interests

Dr. Friess is a board certified pediatric intensivist with both a research and clinical specialization in traumatic brain injury and neurocritical care.

Education

• BS, Brown University , 1995
• MD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU , 1999

Training

• Internship and Residency, Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, 1999 - 2002
• Chief Resident, Mount Sinai Hospital , 2002 - 2003
• Fellow , The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 2003 - 2006

Licensure and Board Certification

• PA
• NY
• MO
• 2003 - PresAmerican Board of Pediatrics (renewed 2012)
• 2006American Board of Pediatrics, Sub-board of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

Honors and Awards

• Sigma Xi Honor Society, 1994
• Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, 1995
• Mount Sinai School of Medicine Dr. Morris Bender Family Award in the Neurosciences, 1997
• Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society, 1998
• Mount Sinai School of Medicine Bela Schick Pediatric Society Prize for Excellence in Pediatrics, 1999
• NIH Pediatric Research Loan Repayment Program recipient, 2006 - 2014
• Society of Critical Care Medicine CPR Specialty Award, 2014
• Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatrics Section Travel Grant, 2014
• Member, Society for Pediatric Research, 2015 - Pres
• Star Research Presentation Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2016
• Lecturer of the Month SLCH pedaitric residency program, 2017

Recent Publications view all (59)

Publication Co-Authors

Mary E. Hartman, M.D., M.P.H.

Kristin Guilliams, MD MSCI

Avihu Z. Gazit, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Stuart Friess, M.D.

1. Fink EL, Clark RSB, Panigrahy A, Berger R, Wisnowski J, Bluml S, Maloney D, Rubin P, Haller T, Bayir H, Beers SR, Kochanek PM, Fabio A, POCCA Investigators.. Personalising Outcomes after Child Cardiac Arrest (POCCA): design and recruitment challenges of a multicentre, observational study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039323. PMCID:PMC7592297  PMID:33109667 
2. Celorrio M, Rhodes J, Vadivelu S, Davies M, Friess SH. N-acetylcysteine reduces brain injury after delayed hypoxemia following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2020;335:113507. PMID:33065076 
3. Landis WP, Morgan RW, Reeder RW, Graham K, Siems A, Diddle JW, Pollack MM, Maa T, Fernandez RP, Yates AR, Tilford B, Ahmed T, Meert KL, Schneiter C, Bishop R, Mourani PM, Naim MY, Friess S, Burns C, Manga A, Franzon D, Tabbutt S, McQuillen PS, Horvat CM, Bochkoris M, Carcillo JA, Huard L, Federman M, Sapru A, Viteri S, Hehir DA, Notterman DA, Holubkov R, Dean JM, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Wolfe HA, Sutton RM, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN) Investigators the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute ICU-RESUScitation Project Investigators.. Variability in chest compression rate calculations during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2020;149:127-133. PMID:32088254 
4. Smith AE, Friess SH. Neurological Prognostication in Children After Cardiac Arrest. Pediatr Neurol. 2020. PMID:32381279 
5. Christensen JR, Slomine BS, Silverstein FS, Page K, Holubkov R, Dean JM, Moler FW, Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trial Investigators.. Cardiac Arrest Outcomes in Children With Preexisting Neurobehavioral Impairment. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(6):510-517. PMCID:PMC6548585  PMID:30807545 
6. Rosario BL, Horvat CM, Wisniewski SR, Bell MJ, Panigrahy A, Zuccoli G, Narayanan S, Balasubramani GK, Beers SR, Adelson PD, Investigators of the Cool Kids Trial.. Presenting Characteristics Associated With Outcome in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Therapeutic Hypothermia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(10):957-964. PMCID:PMC6170689  PMID:30067578 
7. Ichord R, Silverstein FS, Slomine BS, Telford R, Christensen J, Holubkov R, Dean JM, Moler FW, THAPCA Trial Group.. Neurologic outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest survivors enrolled in the THAPCA trials. Neurology. 2018;91(2):e123-e131. PMID:29884735 
8. Reeder RW, Girling A, Wolfe H, Holubkov R, Berg RA, Naim MY, Meert KL, Tilford B, Carcillo JA, Hamilton M, Bochkoris M, Hall M, Maa T, Yates AR, Sapru A, Kelly R, Federman M, Michael Dean J, McQuillen PS, Franzon D, Pollack MM, Siems A, Diddle J, Wessel DL, Mourani PM, Zebuhr C, Bishop R, Friess S, Burns C, Viteri S, Hehir DA, Whitney Coleman R, Jenkins TL, Notterman DA, Tamburro RF, Sutton RM, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN).. Improving outcomes after pediatric cardiac arrest - the ICU-Resuscitation Project: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):213. PMCID:PMC5883604  PMID:29615134 
9. Niles DE, Duval-Arnould J, Skellett S, Knight L, Su F, Raymond TT, Sweberg T, Sen AI, Atkins DL, Friess SH, de Caen AR, Kurosawa H, Sutton RM, Wolfe H, Berg RA, Silver A, Hunt EA, Nadkarni VM, pediatric Resuscitation Quality (pediRES-Q) Collaborative Investigators.. Characterization of Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality Metrics Across an International Resuscitation Collaborative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID:29533355 
10. Davies M, Jacobs A, Brody DL, Friess SH. Delayed Hypoxemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates Long-Term Behavioral Deficits. J Neurotrauma. 2017. PMID:29149808 
11. Moler FW, Silverstein FS, Holubkov R, Slomine BS, Christensen JR, Nadkarni VM, Meert KL, Browning B, Pemberton VL, Page K, Gildea MR, Scholefield BR, Shankaran S, Hutchison JS, Berger JT, Ofori-Amanfo G, Newth CJ, Topjian A, Bennett KS, Koch JD, Pham N, Chanani NK, Pineda JA, Harrison R, Dalton HJ, Alten J, Schleien CL, Goodman DM, Zimmerman JJ, Bhalala US, Schwarz AJ, Porter MB, Shah S, Fink EL, McQuillen P, Wu T, Skellett S, Thomas NJ, Nowak JE, Baines PB, Pappachan J, Mathur M, Lloyd E, van der Jagt EW, Dobyns EL, Meyer MT, Sanders RC Jr, Clark AE, Dean JM, THAPCA Trial Investigators.. Therapeutic Hypothermia after In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):318-329. PMCID:PMC5310766  PMID:28118559 
12. Meert KL, Telford R, Holubkov R, Slomine BS, Christensen JR, Dean JM, Moler FW, Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trial Investigators. Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Characteristics and Their Association With Survival and Neurobehavioral Outcome. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17(12):e543-e550. PMCID:PMC5138073  PMID:27679965 
13. Silverstein FS, Slomine BS, Christensen J, Holubkov R, Page K, Dean JM, Moler FW, Therapeutic Hypothermia to Improve Survival After Cardiac Arrest Trial Group. Functional Outcome Trajectories After Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(12):e1165-e1174. PMCID:PMC5129173  PMID:27509385 
14. Naim MY, Sutton RM, Friess SH, Bratinov G, Bhalala U, Kilbaugh TJ, Lampe JW, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Blood Pressure- and Coronary Perfusion Pressure-Targeted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improves 24-Hour Survival From Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):e1111-e1117. PMCID:PMC5069077  PMID:27414479 
15. Moler FW, Hutchison JS, Nadkarni VM, Silverstein FS, Meert KL, Holubkov R, Page K, Slomine BS, Christensen JR, Dean JM, Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital Trial Investigators. Targeted Temperature Management After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Due To Drowning: Outcomes and Complications. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17(8):712-20. PMCID:PMC5123789  PMID:27362855 
16. Ostendorf AP, Hartman ME, Friess SH. Early Electroencephalographic Findings Correlate With Neurologic Outcome in Children Following Cardiac Arrest. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17(7):667-76. PMID:27164188 
17. Parikh U, Williams M, Jacobs A, Pineda JA, Brody DL, Friess SH. Delayed Hypoxemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates White Matter Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2016. PMID:27288907 
18. Friess SH. Comparing Apples and Oranges: Seizure Prophylaxis in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17(2):173-4. PMID:26841031 
19. Rittenberger JC, Friess S, Polderman KH. Emergency Neurological Life Support: Resuscitation Following Cardiac Arrest. Neurocrit Care. 2015;23 Suppl 2:S119-28. PMID:26438463 
20. de Caen AR, Maconochie IK, Aickin R, Atkins DL, Biarent D, Guerguerian AM, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Meaney PA, Nadkarni VM, Ng KC, Nuthall G, Reis AG, Shimizu N, Tibballs J, Pintos RV, Pediatric Basic Life Support Pediatric Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators.. Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (Reprint). Pediatrics. 2015;136 Suppl 2:S88-119. PMID:26471382 
21. de Caen AR, Maconochie IK, Aickin R, Atkins DL, Biarent D, Guerguerian AM, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Meaney PA, Nadkarni VM, Ng KC, Nuthall G, Reis AG, Shimizu N, Tibballs J, Veliz Pintos R, Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators.. Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2015;132(16 Suppl 1):S177-203. PMID:26472853 
22. Maconochie IK, de Caen AR, Aickin R, Atkins DL, Biarent D, Guerguerian AM, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Meaney PA, Nadkarni VM, Ng KC, Nuthall G, Reis AG, Shimizu N, Tibballs J, Pintos RV, Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators.. Part 6: Pediatric basic life support and pediatric advanced life support: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation. 2015;95:e147-68. PMID:26477423 
23. Yang C, Friess SH, Dehner LP. Hepatic Mucormycosis Mimicking Veno-occlusive Disease: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2015. doi:10.2350/15-06-1661-CR.1  PMID:26366930 
24. Friess SH, Lapidus JB, Brody DL. Decompressive craniectomy reduces white matter injury after controlled cortical impact in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32(11):791-800. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3564  PMID:25557588 
25. Moler FW, Silverstein FS, Holubkov R, Slomine BS, Christensen JR, Nadkarni VM, Meert KL, Clark AE, Browning B, Pemberton VL, Page K, Shankaran S, Hutchison JS, Newth CJ, Bennett KS, Berger JT, Topjian A, Pineda JA, Koch JD, Schleien CL, Dalton HJ, Ofori-Amanfo G, Goodman DM, Fink EL, McQuillen P, Zimmerman JJ, Thomas NJ, van der Jagt EW, Porter MB, Meyer MT, Harrison R, Pham N, Schwarz AJ, Nowak JE, Alten J, Wheeler DS, Bhalala US, Lidsky K, Lloyd E, Mathur M, Shah S, Wu T, Theodorou AA, Sanders RC Jr, Dean JM, THAPCA Trial Investigators. Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1898-908. PMCID:PMC4470472  PMID:25913022 
26. Friess SH, Bruins B, Kilbaugh TJ, Smith C, Margulies SS. Differing effects when using phenylephrine and norepinephrine to augment cerebral blood flow after traumatic brain injury in the immature brain. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32(4):237-43. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3468  PMCID:PMC4321769  PMID:25072522 
27. Topjian AA, Friess SH. The authors reply. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(2):203. PMCID:PMC4339286  PMID:25647138 
28. Sutton RM, Friess SH, Naim MY, Lampe JW, Bratinov G, Weiland TR 3rd, Garuccio M, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Patient-centric blood pressure-targeted cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival from cardiac arrest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(11):1255-62. doi:10.1164/rccm.201407-1343OC  PMCID:PMC4315818  PMID:25321490 
29. Topjian AA, Stuart A, Pabalan AA, Clair A, Kilbaugh TJ, Abend NS, Storm PB, Berg RA, Huh JW, Friess SH. Greater fluctuations in serum sodium levels are associated with increased mortality in children with externalized ventriculostomy drains in a PICU. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(9):846-55. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000000223  PMCID:PMC4221432  PMID:25137551 
30. Friess SH, Hartman ME. An ounce of prevention but less than a pound of cure: seizure prophylaxis after intracranial hemorrhage. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(8):781-2. PMCID:PMC4185423  PMID:25280151 
31. Topjian AA, Stuart A, Pabalan AA, Clair A, Kilbaugh TJ, Abend NS, Berg RA, Heuer GG, Storm PB Jr, Huh JW, Friess SH. Risk factors associated with infections and need for permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion in pediatric intensive care patients with externalized ventricular drains. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21(2):294-9. doi:10.1007/s12028-013-9946-7  PMCID:PMC4133323  PMID:24522759 
32. Friess SH, Sutton RM, French B, Bhalala U, Maltese MR, Naim MY, Bratinov G, Arciniegas Rodriguez S, Weiland TR, Garuccio M, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Hemodynamic directed CPR improves cerebral perfusion pressure and brain tissue oxygenation. Resuscitation. 2014;85(9):1298-303. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.05.040  PMCID:PMC4138228  PMID:24945902 
33. Milner E, Holtzman JC, Friess S, Hartman RE, Brody DL, Han BH, Zipfel GJ. Endovascular perforation subarachnoid hemorrhage fails to cause Morris water maze deficits in the mouse. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34(9). doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.108  PMCID:PMC4158664  PMID:24938403 
34. Sutton RM, Friess SH, Maltese MR, Naim MY, Bratinov G, Weiland TR, Garuccio M, Bhalala U, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Hemodynamic-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014;85(8):983-6. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.04.015  PMCID:PMC4087068  PMID:24783998 
35. Yehya N, Topjian AA, Lin R, Berg RA, Thomas NJ, Friess SH. High frequency oscillation and airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014;49(7):707-15. doi:10.1002/ppul.22853  PMCID:PMC4092114  PMID:23853049 
36. Yehya N, Topjian AA, Thomas NJ, Friess SH. Improved oxygenation 24 hours after transition to airway pressure release ventilation or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation accurately discriminates survival in immunocompromised pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome*. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(4):e147-56. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000000069  PMCID:PMC4114308  PMID:24413319 
37. Friess SH, Sutton RM, Bhalala U, Maltese MR, Naim MY, Bratinov G, Weiland TR 3rd, Garuccio M, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Hemodynamic directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves short-term survival from ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(12):2698-704. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318298ad6b  PMCID:PMC3812371  PMID:23887237 
38. Sullivan S, Friess SH, Ralston J, Smith C, Propert KJ, Rapp PE, Margulies SS. Improved behavior, motor, and cognition assessments in neonatal piglets. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(20):1770-9. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2913  PMCID:PMC3796335  PMID:23758416 
39. Empey PE, Velez de Mendizabal N, Bell MJ, Bies RR, Anderson KB, Kochanek PM, Adelson PD, Poloyac SM, Pediatric TBI Consortium: Hypothermia Investigators. Therapeutic hypothermia decreases phenytoin elimination in children with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(10):2379-87. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318292316c  PMCID:PMC3783553  PMID:23896831 
40. Hasbani DM, Topjian AA, Friess SH, Kilbaugh TJ, Berg RA, Christian CW, Dlugos DJ, Huh J, Abend NS. Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures are common in children with abusive head trauma*. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(7):709-15. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182917b83  PMCID:PMC4082326  PMID:23842589 
41. Sutton RM, Friess SH, Bhalala U, Maltese MR, Naim MY, Bratinov G, Niles D, Nadkarni VM, Becker LB, Berg RA. Hemodynamic directed CPR improves short-term survival from asphyxia-associated cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013;84(5):696-701. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.10.023  PMCID:PMC3612383  PMID:23142199 
42. Sullivan S, Friess SH, Ralston J, Smith C, Propert KJ, Rapp PE, Margulies SS. Behavioral deficits and axonal injury persistence after rotational head injury are direction dependent. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(7):538-45. doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2594  PMCID:PMC3636580  PMID:23216054 
43. Bruins B, Kilbaugh TJ, Margulies SS, Friess SH. The anesthetic effects on vasopressor modulation of cerebral blood flow in an immature swine model. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(4):838-44. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182860fe7  PMCID:PMC3606687  PMID:23460561 
44. Topjian AA, Gutierrez-Colina AM, Sanchez SM, Berg RA, Friess SH, Dlugos DJ, Abend NS. Electrographic status epilepticus is associated with mortality and worse short-term outcome in critically ill children. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(1):215-23. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182668035  PMCID:PMC3531581  PMID:23164815 
45. Friess SH, Kilbaugh TJ, Topjian AA. New tricks for an old dog: multimodal neuromonitoring for diabetic ketoacidosis-associated cerebral edema*. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(6):702-3. PMID:23128596 
46. Friess SH, Smith C, Kilbaugh TJ, Frangos SG, Ralston J, Helfaer MA, Margulies SS. Early cerebral perfusion pressure augmentation with phenylephrine after traumatic brain injury may be neuroprotective in a pediatric swine model. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(8):2400-6. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31825333e6  PMCID:PMC3400930  PMID:22809910 
47. Bruins BB, Kilbaugh TJ, Friess SH. Coagulopathy after pediatric traumatic brain injury: association or causality? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(4):491-2. PMID:22766549 
48. Friess SH, Naim MY, Kilbaugh TJ, Ralston J, Margulies SS. Premedication with meloxicam exacerbates intracranial haemorrhage in an immature swine model of non-impact inertial head injury. Lab Anim. 2012;46(2):164-6. doi:10.1258/la.2011.011084  PMCID:PMC3971837  PMID:22238292 
49. Friess SH, Kilbaugh TJ, Huh JW. Advanced neuromonitoring and imaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Res Pract. 2012;2012:361310. PMCID:PMC3363371  PMID:22675618 
50. Fitzgerald JC, Topjian AA, McInnes AD, Mattei P, McCloskey JJ, Friess SH, Kilbaugh TJ. Bi-caval dual lumen venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and high-frequency percussive ventilatory support for postintubation tracheal injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(12):e11-5. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.09.048  PMID:22152899 
51. Friess SH, Ralston J, Eucker SA, Helfaer MA, Smith C, Margulies SS. Neurocritical care monitoring correlates with neuropathology in a swine model of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 2011;69(5):1139-47; discussion 1147. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182284aa1  PMCID:PMC3188667  PMID:21670716 
52. Eucker SA, Smith C, Ralston J, Friess SH, Margulies SS. Physiological and histopathological responses following closed rotational head injury depend on direction of head motion. Exp Neurol. 2011;227(1):79-88. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.015  PMCID:PMC3021173  PMID:20875409 
53. Friess SH, Naim MY, Helfaer MA. Is pediatric neurointensive care a legitimate programmatic advancement to benefit our patients and our trainees, or others? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010;11(6):758-60. PMID:21057270 
54. Kilbaugh TJ, Friess SH, Raghupathi R, Huh JW. Sedation and analgesia in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders. Int J Pediatr. 2010;2010. PMCID:PMC2913544  PMID:20706547 
55. Naim MY, Friess S, Smith C, Ralston J, Ryall K, Helfaer MA, Margulies SS. Folic acid enhances early functional recovery in a piglet model of pediatric head injury. Dev Neurosci. 2010;32(5-6):466-79. doi:10.1159/000322448  PMCID:PMC3073761  PMID:21212637 
56. Friess SH, Ichord RN, Ralston J, Ryall K, Helfaer MA, Smith C, Margulies SS. Repeated traumatic brain injury affects composite cognitive function in piglets. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26(7):1111-21. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0845  PMCID:PMC2848948  PMID:19275468 
57. Zhou C, Eucker SA, Durduran T, Yu G, Ralston J, Friess SH, Ichord RN, Margulies SS, Yodh AG. Diffuse optical monitoring of hemodynamic changes in piglet brain with closed head injury. J Biomed Opt. 2009;14(3):034015. doi:10.1117/1.3146814  PMCID:PMC3169814  PMID:19566308 
58. Friess SH, Ichord RN, Owens K, Ralston J, Rizol R, Overall KL, Smith C, Helfaer MA, Margulies SS. Neurobehavioral functional deficits following closed head injury in the neonatal pig. Exp Neurol. 2007;204(1):234-43. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.10.010  PMCID:PMC1892165  PMID:17174304 
59. Dominguez TE, Mitchell M, Friess SH, Huh JW, Manno CS, Ravishankar C, Gaynor JW, Tabbutt S. Use of recombinant factor VIIa for refractory hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(3):348-51. doi:10.1097/01.PCC.0000161623.51275.0F  PMID:15857537