Department of Pediatrics

Clinical Interests

Dr. Philip C. Spinella is the Director of the Pediatric Critical Care Translational Research Program at St. Louis Children's Hospital and Professor of Pediatrics at Washington University School of Medicine. Dr. Spinella earned his Bacelor of Arts degree in Biology (1991) at Tufts University, and his Medical Degree (1995) at New York Medical College. Following residency in Pediatrics at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, HI, he served as Chief of Pediatric In-patient and Outpatient Services at Bayne-Jones Army Medical Center at Fort Polk, LA (1998-2000). Dr. Spinella then completed a fellowship in Pediatric Critical Care at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (2003). After fellowship he served as teh Assistant Chief of Pediatric Critical Care at Wilford Hall Medical Center in San Antonio (2003-2007). During this time he was deployed to Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom for one year (2004-2005). It was during this deployment that Dr. Spinella's interest in the efficacy and safety of blood products for the treatment of shock and coagulopathy developed. Since this experience he has developed a research program that focuses on understanding the mechanisms related to adverse events secondary to the transfusion of blood products and perfroming clinical trials to determine the efficacy and safety of blood products. He came to Washington University in 2010 to assume leadership of the Pediatric Critical Care Translational Research Program. Dr. Spinella served 15 years in the US Army and separated as a Lieutenant Colonel in 2007. He is a veteran of the Iraq War, where he received a Bronze Star and the Combat Medic Badge for providing care under fire. In collaboration with investigators at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, his groundbreaking work in the area of treatment of hemorrhagic shock received the US Army's Best Invention Award in 2008 for his role in the development of the concept of "damage control resuscitation". Dr. Spinella co-founded and is the co-Chair of the Trauma Hemostasis and Oxugenation Research (THOR) Network, which is an international multidisciplinary network of civilian and military providers ranging from first responders/medics to critical care physicians, as well as from basic scientists to clinical trialists. Since 2011, THOR has organized and sponsored a Remote Damage Control Resuscitation annual conference with civilian and military attendees encompassing 18 countries. The conference has led to national policty changes regarding the care of patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the pre-hospital phase of resuscitation in countries such as Israel, Australia, Canada, France, Norway, and the United Kingdom, as well as policy changes at multiple trauma centers in the US. Dr. Spinella is a consultant to the US Army Blood Research Program at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, and the Norwegian Navy Blood Research Program. He has organized a full day conference at the White House for the National Security Service after teh Boston Marathon bombing in response to the concern for an adequate blood supply for large terrorist attacks that cause a significant number of casualties with hemorrhagic shock. This responsibility was based on his experience consulting for the Commitee on Emergency Preparedness led by Homeland Security and the Public Health Service for the Northeast Region from 2006-2008. In addition, he has also briefed the US Department of Defense on advancements in the area of trauma resuscitation. In 2015, Dr. Spinella was appointed by the Institute of Medicine as a member on the Committee of Military Trauma Care's Learning Health System and its Translation to the Civilian Sector. Dr. Spinella is also a co-founder and Chair of the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net). Blood Net is an international network of approximately 90 members from 4 countries with a mission to improve outcomes in critically ill children by supporting and performing research in transfusion medicine, hemostasis and blood management. Dr. Spinella is a well-established investigator who ahs been awarded approximately 20 million dollars in funding from the US Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health. Currently he is a Principal Investigator of 2 randomized controlled trials. The ABC-PICU trial examines the effect of RBC storage age on outcomes in critically ill children. The TAMPITI trial examines the immunologic effect of tranexamic acid in patients with severe traumatic injuries.

Education

• BS, Tufts University, 1991
• MD, New York Medical College, 1995

Training

• Pediatric Internship, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1995 - 1996
• Pediatric Residency, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1996 - 1998
• Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 2000 - 2003

Licensure and Board Certification

• 1998Pediatrics
• 2004Pediatric Critical Care

Honors and Awards

• Junior Alpha Omega Alpha, 1995
• 1st Place Best, Critical Care Abstract Award, High Fidelity Medical Simulation as a method to assess retention of resuscitative skills, AAP National Conference, 2006
• 2nd Place, Best Abstract, Blood product replacement effects survival in patients with massive transfusion at a combat support hospital. International Military Trauma Symposium. Koblenz, Germany, 2006
• Faculty Teaching Award, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, 2006
• Trauma Specialty Award, SCCM 2008, Oral presentation of “Effect of blood products on mortality in combat casualties”, 2007
• Trauma Specialty Award, SCCM 2009, Oral presentation of “Whole blood improves survival compared to component therapy in trauma patients”, 2008
• US Army best invention award for development of hemostatic resuscitation concept for patients with traumatic injuries, 2008
• Best Abstract Citation Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine Symposium 2009. “A prospective randomized cross-over trial of repetitive simulation for pediatric critical illness”, 2009
• Research Citation Finalist, Society of Critical Care Medicine Symposium 2010. Association between length of storage of red blood cell units and outcome of critically ill children in the TRIPICU study, 2009
• Research Citation Finalist, Society of Critical Care Medicine Symposium 2010. Association between length of storage of transfused red blood cells and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in pediatric intensive care patients, 2009
• Faculty Award for Excellence in Teaching Acute Care, University of Connecticut Pediatric Residency Program, 2010
• Presidential Citation Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2011
• Presidential Citation Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2012

Recent Publications view all (194)

Publication Co-Authors

Fields, Melanie

Stuart C. Sweet, M.D., Ph.D.

Ronald Jackups, Jr., M.D., Ph.D.

Vincent Mellnick

Mary E. Hartman, M.D., M.P.H.

Monica Hulbert, M.D.

Dennis J. Dietzen, Ph.D.

Ahmed, Said, M.D., Ph.D.

Jennifer Horst

Brian Gage

Kenneth E. Remy, M.D., MHSc.

R. Mark Grady, M.D.

John C. Lin, M.D.

Avihu Z. Gazit, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Philip C. Spinella, M.D., FCCM

1. Nellis ME, Goel R, Karam O, Cushing MM, Davis PJ, Steiner ME, Tucci M, Stanworth SJ, Spinella PC, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Point Prevalence Study of Platelet Transfusions in Critically Ill Children (P3T) Investigators.. International Study of the Epidemiology of Platelet Transfusions in Critically Ill Children With an Underlying Oncologic Diagnosis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(7):e342-e351. PMID:31107379 
2. Bruun MT, Yazer MH, Spinella PC, Titlestad K, Lozano M, Delaney M, Lejdarová H, Pavlova D, Trakhtman P, Starostin N, Zhiburt E, van Kraaij MGJ, Huisman E, Kutner JM, Sakashita AM, Yokoyama APH, Zubicaray J, Sevilla J, Okazaki H, Hiwatari M, Nagura Y, Manzini PM, Facco G, Pecoraro C, Singh L, Hans R, Sharma RR, Kumar P, Wikman A, Deschmann E, Kaur H, Mei Lam JC, Ying Ho SK, Koh PL, Moss R, New HV, Kinmonth A, Comande M, Savoia H, Crighton G, Yacobovich J, Yahalom V, Lau W. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on paediatric indications for blood component transfusion. Vox Sang. 2019;114(5):e36-e90. PMID:31087343 
3. Bruun MT, Yazer MH, Spinella PC, Titlestad K, Lozano M, Delaney M, Lejdarová H, Pavlova DE, Trakhtman P, Starostin N, Zhiburt E, van Kraaij MGJ, Huisman E, Kutner JM, Sakashita AM, Yokoyama APH, Zubicaray J, Sevilla J, Okazaki H, Hiwatari M, Nagura Y, Manzini PM, Facco G, Avdis C, Singh L, Hans R, Sharma RR, Kumar P, Wikman A, Deschmann E, Kaur H, Mei JLC, Ying SHK, Pei Lin K, New HV, Moss R, Kinmonth A, Comande M, Savoia H, Crighton G, Yacobovich J, Yahalom V, Lau W. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on paediatric indications for blood component transfusion: Summary. Vox Sang. 2019;114(5):523-530. PMID:31087379 
4. Spinella PC, Gurney J, Yazer MH. Low titer group O whole blood for prehospital hemorrhagic shock: It is an offer we cannot refuse. Transfusion. 2019;59(7):2177-2179. PMID:31268592 
5. Seheult JN, Bahr MP, Spinella PC, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. The Dead Sea needs salt water… massively bleeding patients need whole blood: The evolution of blood product resuscitation. Transfus Clin Biol. 2019. PMID:31262629 
6. Cohn CS, Allen ES, Cushing MM, Dunbar NM, Friedman DF, Goel R, Heddle N, Hopkins CK, Klapper E, Perumbeti A, Ramsey G, Raval JS, Schwartz J, Shaz BH, Spinella PC, Pagano MB. Critical developments of 2018: A review of the literature from selected topics in transfusion. A committee report from the AABB's Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee. Transfusion. 2019. PMID:31148175 
7. Jackson IL, Vicente E, Yazer MH, Spinella PC. Agglutination testing for human erythrocyte product in the rhesus macaque. Transfusion. 2019;59(S2):1518-1521. PMID:30730557 
8. Spinella PC, Sniecinski RM, Trachtenberg F, Inglis HC, Ranganathan G, Heitman JW, Szlam F, Danesh A, Stone M, Keating SM, Levy JH, Assmann SF, Steiner ME, Doctor A, Norris PJ. Effects of blood storage age on immune, coagulation, and nitric oxide parameters in transfused patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Transfusion. 2019;59(4):1209-1222. PMID:30835880 
9. Thomas KA, Shea SM, Yazer MH, Spinella PC. Effect of leukoreduction and pathogen reduction on the hemostatic function of whole blood. Transfusion. 2019;59(S2):1539-1548. PMID:30980757 
10. Spinella PC, Yazer MH. Blood is for Bleeding, Salt Water is for Cooking Pasta: An introduction to the THOR Network's Supplement for the 2018 Remote Damage Control Resuscitation Annual Symposium. Transfusion. 2019;59(S2):1419. PMID:30980743 
11. Norris PJ, Schechtman K, Inglis HC, Adelman A, Heitman JW, Vilardi R, Shah A, Roubinian NH, Danesh A, Guiltinan AM, Keating SM, Lacroix J, Cohen MJ, Spinella PC. Influence of blood storage age on immune and coagulation parameters in critically ill transfused patients. Transfusion. 2019;59(4):1223-1232. PMCID:PMC6450744  PMID:30882927 
12. Rogers SC, Moynihan FT 4th, McDonough R, Timm DD, Hovmand-Warner E, Frazier E, Thomas KA, Spinella PC, Doctor A. Effect of plasma processing and storage on microparticle abundance, nitric oxide scavenging, and vasoactivity. Transfusion. 2019;59(S2):1568-1577. PMID:30980740 
13. Seheult JN, Stram MN, Sperry J, Spinella PC, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. In silico model of the dilutional effects of conventional component therapy versus whole blood in the management of massively bleeding adult trauma patients. Transfusion. 2019;59(1):146-158. PMID:30414181 
14. Wirtz MR, Jurgens J, Zuurbier CJ, Roelofs JJTH, Spinella PC, Muszynski JA, Carel Goslings J, Juffermans NP. Washing or filtering of blood products does not improve outcome in a rat model of trauma and multiple transfusion. Transfusion. 2019;59(1):134-145. PMID:30461025 
15. Seheult JN, Anto VP, Farhat N, Stram MN, Spinella PC, Alarcon L, Sperry J, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. Application of a recursive partitioning decision tree algorithm for the prediction of massive transfusion in civilian trauma: the MTPitt prediction tool. Transfusion. 2018. PMID:30548461 
16. Vanderspurt CK, Spinella PC, Cap AP, Hill R, Matthews SA, Corley JB, Gurney JM. The use of whole blood in US military operations in Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan since the introduction of low-titer Type O whole blood: feasibility, acceptability, challenges. Transfusion. 2018. PMID:30548277 
17. Nellis ME, Goel R, Karam O, Cushing MM, Davis PJ, Steiner ME, Tucci M, Stanworth SJ, Spinella PC, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the P3T Investigators.. Effects of ABO Matching of Platelet Transfusions in Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID:30422914 
18. Yazer MH, Spinella PC, Allard S, Roxby D, So-Osman C, Lozano M, Gunn K, Shih AW, Stensballe J, Johansson PI, Bagge Hansen M, Maegele M, Doughty H, Crombie N, Jenkins DH, McGinity AC, Schaefer RM, Martinaud C, Shinar E, Strugo R, Chen J, Russcher H. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on the use of prehospital blood products and pharmaceuticals in the treatment of patients with traumatic hemorrhage. Vox Sang. 2018;113(8):816-830. PMID:30345514 
19. Khemani RG, Smith L, Lopez-Fernandez YM, Kwok J, Morzov R, Klein MJ, Yehya N, Willson D, Kneyber MCJ, Lillie J, Fernandez A, Newth CJL, Jouvet P, Thomas NJ, Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology (PARDIE) Investigators., Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome incidence and epidemiology (PARDIE): an international, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2018. PMID:30361119 
20. Yazer MH, Spinella PC. The use of low-titer group O whole blood for the resuscitation of civilian trauma patients in 2018. Transfusion. 2018. PMID:30284266 
21. Fisher AD, Washbum G, Powell D, Callaway DW, Miles EA, Brown J, Dituro P, Baker JB, Christensen JB, Cunningham CW, Gurney J, Lopata J, Loos PE, Maitha J, Riesberg JC, Stockinger Z, Strandenes G, Spinella PC, Cap AP, Keenan S, Shackelford S. Damage Control Resuscitation in Prolonged Field CareDamage Control Resuscitation in Prolonged Field Care. J Spec Oper Med. 2018;18(3):109-119. PMID:30222848 
22. Almizraq RJ, Norris PJ, Inglis H, Menocha S, Wirtz MR, Juffermans N, Pandey S, Spinella PC, Acker JP, Muszynski JA. Blood manufacturing methods affect red blood cell product characteristics and immunomodulatory activity. Blood Adv. 2018;2(18):2296-2306. PMCID:PMC6156888  PMID:30217795 
23. Muisyo T, Bernardo EO, Camazine M, Colvin R, Thomas KA, Borgman MA, Spinella PC. Mortality prediction in pediatric trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 2018. PMID:30270118 
24. Doctor A, Cholette JM, Remy KE, Argent A, Carson JL, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Lacroix J, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion in General Critically Ill Children Based on Hemoglobin and/or Physiologic Thresholds From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S98-S113. PMCID:PMC6125789  PMID:30161064 
25. Steffen KM, Bateman ST, Valentine SL, Small S, Spinella PC, Doctor A, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Implementation of the Recommendations for RBC Transfusions for Critically Ill Children From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S170-S176. PMCID:PMC6124312  PMID:30161073 
26. Steiner ME, Zantek ND, Stanworth SJ, Parker RI, Valentine SL, Lehmann LE, Josephson CD, Bateman ST, Luban NLC, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion Support in Children With Hematologic and Oncologic Diagnoses From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S149-S156. PMCID:PMC6126910  PMID:30161070 
27. Bembea MM, Cheifetz IM, Fortenberry JD, Bunchman TE, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Steiner ME, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on the Indications for RBC Transfusion for the Critically Ill Child Receiving Support From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Ventricular Assist, and Renal Replacement Therapy Devices From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S157-S162. PMCID:PMC6125786  PMID:30161071 
28. Karam O, Russell RT, Stricker P, Vogel AM, Bateman ST, Valentine SL, Spinella PC, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion in Critically Ill Children With Nonlife-Threatening Bleeding or Hemorrhagic Shock From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S127-S132. PMCID:PMC6121734  PMID:30161067 
29. Cap AP, Beckett A, Benov A, Borgman M, Chen J, Corley JB, Doughty H, Fisher A, Glassberg E, Gonzales R, Kane SF, Malloy WW, Nessen S, Perkins JG, Prat N, Quesada J, Reade M, Sailliol A, Spinella PC, Stockinger Z, Strandenes G, Taylor A, Yazer M, Bryant B, Gurney J. Whole Blood Transfusion. Mil Med. 2018;183(suppl_2):44-51. PMID:30189061 
30. Cap AP, Pidcoke HF, Spinella P, Strandenes G, Borgman MA, Schreiber M, Holcomb J, Tien HC, Beckett AN, Doughty H, Woolley T, Rappold J, Ward K, Reade M, Prat N, Ausset S, Kheirabadi B, Benov A, Griffin EP, Corley JB, Simon CD, Fahie R, Jenkins D, Eastridge BJ, Stockinger Z. Damage Control Resuscitation. Mil Med. 2018;183(suppl_2):36-43. PMID:30189070 
31. Zantek ND, Parker RI, van de Watering LM, Josephson CD, Bateman ST, Valentine SL, Delaney M, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on Selection and Processing of RBC Components for Pediatric Patients From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S163-S169. PMCID:PMC6126365  PMID:30161072 
32. Muszynski JA, Guzzetta NA, Hall MW, Macrae D, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Spinella PC, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusions for Critically Ill Children With Nonhemorrhagic Shock From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S121-S126. PMCID:PMC6126360  PMID:30161066 
33. Tasker RC, Turgeon AF, Spinella PC, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion in Critically Ill Children With Acute Brain Injury From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S133-S136. PMCID:PMC6126359  PMID:30161068 
34. Valentine SL, Bembea MM, Muszynski JA, Cholette JM, Doctor A, Spinella PC, Steiner ME, Tucci M, Hassan NE, Parker RI, Lacroix J, Argent A, Carson JL, Remy KE, Demaret P, Emeriaud G, Kneyber MCJ, Guzzetta N, Hall MW, Macrae D, Karam O, Russell RT, Stricker PA, Vogel AM, Tasker RC, Turgeon AF, Schwartz SM, Willems A, Josephson CD, Luban NLC, Lehmann LE, Stanworth SJ, Zantek ND, Bunchman TE, Cheifetz IM, Fortenberry JD, Delaney M, van de Watering L, Robinson KA, Malone S, Steffen KM, Bateman ST, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Consensus Recommendations for RBC Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9):884-898. PMCID:PMC6126913  PMID:30180125 
35. Demaret P, Emeriaud G, Hassan NE, Kneyber MCJ, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Tucci M, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusions in Critically Ill Children With Acute Respiratory Failure From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S114-S120. PMCID:PMC6126368  PMID:30161065 
36. Cholette JM, Willems A, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Schwartz SM, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion in Infants and Children With Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S137-S148. PMCID:PMC6126364  PMID:30161069 
37. Bembea MM, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Wilson LM, Anton B, Harger N, Robinson KA, Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI)., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. The Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative Consensus Conference Methodology. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(9S Suppl 1):S93-S97. PMCID:PMC6126354  PMID:30161063 
38. Yazer MH, Spinella PC, Allard S, Roxby D, So-Osman C, Lozano M, Gunn K, Shih AW, Stensballe J, Johansson PI, Bagge Hansen M, Maegele M, Doughty H, Crombie N, Jenkins DH, McGinity A, Schaefer RM, Martinaud C, Shinar E, Strugo R, Chen J, Russcher H. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on the use of prehospital blood products and pharmaceuticals in the treatment of patients with traumatic haemorrhage. Vox Sang. 2018. PMID:30144091 
39. Tucci M, Lacroix J, Fergusson D, Doctor A, Hébert P, Berg RA, Caro J, Josephson CD, Leteurtre S, Menon K, Schechtman K, Steiner ME, Turgeon AF, Clayton L, Bockelmann T, Spinella PC, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group., Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet)., Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.. The age of blood in pediatric intensive care units (ABC PICU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):404. PMCID:PMC6064163  PMID:30055634 
40. Rappold JF, Spinella PC. Editors' preface to the THOR 2018 supplement. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(6S Suppl 1):S1-S2. PMID:29799822 
41. Woolley T, Thompson P, Kirkman E, Reed R, Ausset S, Beckett A, Bjerkvig C, Cap AP, Coats T, Cohen M, Despasquale M, Dorlac W, Doughty H, Dutton R, Eastridge B, Glassberg E, Hudson A, Jenkins D, Keenan S, Martinaud C, Miles E, Moore E, Nordmann G, Prat N, Rappold J, Reade MC, Rees P, Rickard R, Schreiber M, Shackelford S, Skogran Eliassen H, Smith J, Smith M, Spinella P, Strandenes G, Ward K, Watts S, White N, Williams S. Trauma Hemostasis and Oxygenation Research Network position paper on the role of hypotensive resuscitation as part of remote damage control resuscitation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(6S Suppl 1):S3-S13. PMID:29799823 
42. Danesh A, Inglis HC, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Adelman A, Schechtman KB, Heitman JW, Vilardi R, Shah A, Keating SM, Cohen MJ, Jacobs ES, Pillai SK, Lacroix J, Spinella PC, Norris PJ. Granulocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Monocytes and Are Associated With Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Front Immunol. 2018;9:956. PMCID:PMC5951932  PMID:29867942 
43. Nellis ME, Karam O, Mauer E, Cushing MM, Davis PJ, Steiner ME, Tucci M, Stanworth SJ, Spinella PC, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) network, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the P3T Investigators.. Platelet Transfusion Practices in Critically Ill Children. Crit Care Med. 2018. PMID:29727368 
44. Hassan NE, Reischman DE, Fitzgerald RK, Faustino EVS, Prophylaxis Against Thrombosis Practice (PROTRACT) Study Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI)/BloodNet Investigators.. Hemoglobin Levels Across the Pediatric Critical Care Spectrum: A Point Prevalence Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(5):e227-e234. PMID:29384892 
45. Cushing MM, Kelley J, Klapper E, Friedman DF, Goel R, Heddle NM, Hopkins CK, Karp JK, Pagano MB, Perumbeti A, Ramsey G, Roback JD, Schwartz J, Shaz BH, Spinella PC, Cohn CS, Cohn CS, Cushing MM, Kelley J, Klapper E. Critical developments of 2017: a review of the literature from selected topics in transfusion. A committee report from the AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee. Transfusion. 2018;58(4):1065-1075. PMID:29520794 
46. Remy KE, Yazer MH, Saini A, Mehanovic-Varmaz A, Rogers SR, Cap CAP, Spinella PC. Effects of Platelet Sparing Leukocyte Reduction and Agitation Methods on In Vitro Measures of Hemostatic Function in Cold-Stored Whole Blood. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID:29554042 
47. Cannon JW, Neff LP, Pidcoke HF, Aden JK, Spinella PC, Johnson MA, Cap AP, Borgman MA. The evolution of pediatric transfusion practice during combat operations 2001-2013. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID:29554046 
48. Sivertsen J, Braathen H, Lunde THF, Spinella PC, Dorlac W, Strandenes G, Apelseth TO, Hervig TA, Kristoffersen EK, Diagnostic Study LI. Preparation of leukoreduced whole blood for transfusion in austere environments; effects of forced filtration, storage agitation, and high temperatures on hemostatic function. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID:29538232 
49. Krachey E, Viele K, Spinella PC, Steiner ME, Zantek ND, Lewis RJ. The Design of an Adaptive Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Platelets Stored at Low-Temperature in Surgical Patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID:29521797 
50. Gurney JM, Spinella PC. Blood transfusion management in the severely bleeding military patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018. PMID:29470190 
51. Shah S, Coppolino K, Menocha S, Beceiro S, Nateri J, Spinella PC, Nicol K, Hall MW, Muszynski JA, investigators of the PALISI BloodNet network.. Immunomodulatory Effects of Plasma Products on Monocyte Function in vitro. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID:29401191 
52. Remy KE, Hall MW, Cholette J, Juffermans NP, Nicol K, Doctor A, Blumberg N, Spinella PC, Norris PJ, Dahmer MK, Muszynski JA, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net).. Mechanisms of red blood cell transfusion-related immunomodulation. Transfusion. 2018. PMID:29383722 
53. Yazer MH, Cap AP, Spinella PC, Alarcon L, Triulzi DJ. How do I implement a whole blood program for massively bleeding patients? Transfusion. 2018. PMID:29332316 
54. Butler FK Jr, Holcomb JB, Shackelford S, Barbabella S, Bailey JA, Baker JB, Cap AP, Conklin CC, Cunningham CW, Davis M, DeLellis SM, Dorlac WC, DuBose JJ, Eastridge B, Fisher AD, Glasser JJ, Gurney J, Jenkins DA, Johannigman J, King DR, Kotwal RS, Littlejohn LF, Mabry RL, Martin MJ, Miles EA, Montgomery HR, Northern DM, O'Connor KC, Rasmussen TE, Riesberg JC, Spinella PC, Stockinger Z, Strandenes G, Via DK, Weber MA. Advanced Resuscitative Care in Tactical Combat Casualty Care: TCCC Guidelines Change 18-01:14 October 2018. J Spec Oper Med. 2018;18(4):37-55. PMID:30566723 
55. Yazer MH, Spinella PC. Activities of the THOR-AABB working party. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017. PMID:29287058 
56. Yazer MH, Cap AP, Spinella PC. Raising the Standards on Whole Blood. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017. PMID:29283965 
57. Vostal JG, Buehler PW, Gelderman MP, Alayash AI, Doctor A, Zimring JC, Glynn SA, Hess JR, Klein H, Acker JP, Spinella PC, D'Alessandro A, Palsson B, Raife TJ, Busch MP, McMahon TJ, Intaglietta M, Swartz HM, Dubick MA, Cardin S, Patel RP, Natanson C, Weisel JW, Muszynski JA, Norris PJ, Ness PM. Proceedings of the Food and Drug Administration's public workshop on new red blood cell product regulatory science 2016. Transfusion. 2017. PMID:29243830 
58. Yazer MH, Waters JH, Spinella PC, Cap CA, Fahie CRL Sr, Gourdine E, Jenkins DH, Kleinman S, Moore EE, Ness P, Shinar E, Sloan SR, Stubbs JR, Ward KR, AABB (formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks)/Trauma, Hemostasis, Oxygenation Resuscitation Network (THOR) Working Party.. Use of Uncrossmatched Erythrocytes in Emergency Bleeding Situations. Anesthesiology. 2017. PMID:29251646 
59. Cap AP, Spinella PC. Just chill-it's worth it! Transfusion. 2017;57(12):2817-2820. PMID:29226373 
60. Yazer MH, Seheult J, Kleinman S, Sloan SR, Spinella PC. Who's afraid of incompatible plasma? A balanced approach to the safe transfusion of blood products containing ABO-incompatible plasma. Transfusion. 2017. PMID:29193106 
61. Spinella PC, Cap AP. Prehospital hemostatic resuscitation to achieve zero preventable deaths after traumatic injury. Curr Opin Hematol. 2017. PMID:28832355 
62. Steffen K, Doctor A, Hoerr J, Gill J, Markham C, Brown SM, Cohen D, Hansen R, Kryzer E, Richards J, Small S, Valentine S, York JL, Proctor EK, Spinella PC. Controlling Phlebotomy Volume Diminishes PICU Transfusion: Implementation Processes and Impact. Pediatrics. 2017;140(2). PMID:28701427 
63. Asehnoune K, Balogh Z, Citerio G, Cap A, Billiar T, Stocchetti N, Cohen MJ, Pelosi P, Curry N, Gaarder C, Gruen R, Holcomb J, Hunt BJ, Juffermans NP, Maegele M, Midwinter M, Moore FA, O'Dwyer M, Pittet JF, Schöchl H, Schreiber M, Spinella PC, Stanworth S, Winfield R, Brohi K. The research agenda for trauma critical care. Intensive Care Med. 2017. PMID:28756471 
64. Lin JC, Spinella PC, Fitzgerald JC, Tucci M, Bush JL, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL. The authors reply. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(5):501-502. PMCID:PMC5506827  PMID:28475543 
65. Rappold JF, Spinella PC. Editors' Preface. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017. PMID:28362684 
66. Cure P, Bembea M, Chou S, Doctor A, Eder A, Hendrickson J, Josephson CD, Mast AE, Savage W, Sola-Visner M, Spinella P, Stanworth S, Steiner M, Mondoro T, Zou S, Levy C, Waclawiw M, El Kassar N, Glynn S, Luban NL. 2016 proceedings of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's scientific priorities in pediatric transfusion medicine. Transfusion. 2017. PMID:28369923 
67. Camazine MN, Karam O, Colvin R, Leteurtre S, Demaret P, Tucci M, Muszynski JA, Stanworth S, Spinella PC, PlasmaTV Investigators and the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net). Outcomes Related to the Use of Frozen Plasma or Pooled Solvent/Detergent-Treated Plasma in Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017. PMID:28350560 
68. Shah S, Spinella PC, Muszynski JA. Immunologic effects of trauma and transfusion. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017. PMID:28333832 
69. Spinella PC. Zero preventable deaths after traumatic injury: An achievable goal. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017. PMID:28333835 
70. Said AS, Spinella PC, Hartman ME, Steffen KM, Jackups R, Holubkov R, Wallendorf M, Doctor A. RBC Distribution Width: Biomarker for Red Cell Dysfunction and Critical Illness Outcome? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(2):134-142. PMCID:PMC5291765  PMID:27832023 
71. Karam O, Demaret P, Duhamel A, Shefler A, Spinella PC, Tucci M, Leteurtre S, Stanworth SJ, PlasmaTV investigators. Factors influencing plasma transfusion practices in paediatric intensive care units around the world. Vox Sang. 2017;112(2):140-149. PMID:28176380 
72. Willson DF, Hoot M, Khemani R, Carrol C, Kirby A, Schwarz A, Gedeit R, Nett ST, Erickson S, Flori H, Hays S, Hall M, Ventilator-Associated INfection (VAIN) Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigator’s (PALISI) Network.. Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Infections: The Ventilator-Associated INfection Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(1):e24-e34. PMID:27828898 
73. Lin JC, Spinella PC, Fitzgerald JC, Tucci M, Bush JL, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL, Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapy Study Investigators. New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pediatric Severe Sepsis: A Sepsis Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(1):8-16. PMID:28060151 
74. Ramirez RJ, Spinella PC, Bochicchio GV. Tranexamic Acid Update in Trauma. Crit Care Clin. 2017;33(1):85-99. PMID:27894501 
75. Karam O, Demaret P, Duhamel A, Shefler A, Spinella PC, Stanworth SJ, Tucci M, Leteurtre S, PlasmaTV investigators. Performance of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score in critically ill children requiring plasma transfusions. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):98. PMCID:PMC5053948  PMID:27714707 
76. Remy KE, Spinella PC. Red blood cell storage age - what we know from clinical trials. Expert Rev Hematol. 2016;1-3. PMID:27686118 
77. Muszynski JA, Spinella PC, Cholette JM, Acker JP, Hall MW, Juffermans NP, Kelly DP, Blumberg N, Nicol K, Liedel J, Doctor A, Remy KE, Tucci M, Lacroix J, Norris PJ, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net). Transfusion-related immunomodulation: review of the literature and implications for pediatric critical illness. Transfusion. 2016. PMID:27696473 
78. Spinella PC, Cap AP. Whole blood: back to the future. Curr Opin Hematol. 2016. PMID:27607444 
79. Hwu RS, Spinella PC, Keller MS, Baker D, Wallendorf M, Leonard JC. The effect of massive transfusion protocol implementation on pediatric trauma care. Transfusion. 2016. PMID:27572499 
80. Gerhardt CR, Glassberg E, Holcomb JB, Mabry RL, Schreiber MB, Spinella PC. 2016 Military Supplement Tactical Study of Care Originating in the Prehospital Environment (TACSCOPE): Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy on the Contemporary Battlefield. Shock. 2016. PMID:27405067 
81. Winfield RD, Mellnick VM, Chamieh J, Nohra E, Tan WH, Ramirez R, Raptis C, Turnbull IR, Bochicchio K, Reese S, Spinella PC, Bochicchio GV. Adipose tissue location and contribution to postinjury hypercoagulability. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001096  PMID:27120319 
82. Pusateri AE, Given MB, Schreiber MA, Spinella PC, Pati S, Kozar RA, Khan A, Dacorta JA, Kupferer KR, Prat N, Pidcoke HF, Macdonald VW, Malloy WW, Sailliol A, Cap AP. Dried plasma: state of the science and recent developments. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 2:S128-39. doi:10.1111/trf.13580  PMID:27100749 
83. Doughty H, Thompson P, Cap AP, Spinella PC, Glassberg E, Skogrand Eliassen H, De Pasquale M, Strandenes G. A proposed field emergency donor panel questionnaire and triage tool. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 2:S119-27. doi:10.1111/trf.13487  PMID:27100748 
84. Spinella PC, Pidcoke HF, Strandenes G, Hervig T, Fisher A, Jenkins D, Yazer M, Stubbs J, Murdock A, Sailliol A, Ness PM, Cap AP. Whole blood for hemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 2:S190-202. doi:10.1111/trf.13491  PMID:27100756 
85. Pidcoke HF, Spinella PC. RDCR Symposium fifth-year anniversary edition: global prehospital care rooted in a history of military innovation. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 2:S107-9. doi:10.1111/trf.13606  PMID:27100745 
86. Bjerkvig CK, Strandenes G, Eliassen HS, Spinella PC, Fosse TK, Cap AP, Ward KR. "Blood failure" time to view blood as an organ: how oxygen debt contributes to blood failure and its implications for remote damage control resuscitation. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 2:S182-9. doi:10.1111/trf.13500  PMID:27100755 
87. Gazit AZ, Sweet SC, Grady RM, Boston US, Huddleston CB, Hoganson DM, Shepard M, Raithel S, Mehegan M, Doctor A, Spinella PC, Eghtesady P. Recommendations for utilization of the paracorporeal lung assist device in neonates and young children with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Transplant. 2016;20(2):256-70. doi:10.1111/petr.12673  PMID:26899454 
88. Baimukanova G, Miyazawa B, Potter DR, Muench MO, Bruhn R, Gibb SL, Spinella PC, Cap AP, Cohen MJ, Pati S. Platelets regulate vascular endothelial stability: assessing the storage lesion and donor variability of apheresis platelets. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 1:S65-75. doi:10.1111/trf.13532  PMID:27001364 
89. Baimukanova G, Miyazawa B, Potter DR, Gibb SL, Keating S, Danesh A, Beyer A, Dayter Y, Bruhn R, Muench MO, Cap AP, Norris PJ, Spinella P, Cohen M, Pati S. The effects of 22°C and 4°C storage of platelets on vascular endothelial integrity and function. Transfusion. 2016;56 Suppl 1:S52-64. doi:10.1111/trf.13455  PMID:27001362 
90. Horst J, Leonard JC, Vogel A, Jacobs R, Spinella PC. A survey of US and Canadian hospitals' paediatric massive transfusion protocol policies. Transfus Med. 2016. doi:10.1111/tme.12277  PMID:26833998 
91. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Cap AP. Lessons Learned for the Resuscitation of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock. US Army Med Dep J. 2016;(2-16):37-42. PMID:27215864 
92. Spinella PC, Acker J. Storage Duration and Other Measures of Quality of Red Blood Cells for Transfusion. JAMA. 2015;314(23):2509-10. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14714  PMID:26637803 
93. Spitalnik SL, Triulzi D, Devine DV, Dzik WH, Eder AF, Gernsheimer T, Josephson CD, Kor DJ, Luban NL, Roubinian NH, Mondoro T, Welniak LA, Zou S, Glynn S, State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine Working Groups. 2015 proceedings of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine symposium. Transfusion. 2015;55(9):2282-90. PMCID:PMC4573332  PMID:26260861 
94. Borgman MA, Spinella PC. What is the Big Deal about the BIG Score? J Pediatr. 2015;167(3):513-4. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.06.039  PMID:26165443 
95. Spinella PC, Frazier E, Pidcoke HF, Dietzen DJ, Pati S, Gorkun O, Aden JK, Norris PJ, Cap AP. All plasma products are not created equal: Characterizing differences between plasma products. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(6 Suppl 1):S18-25. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000629  PMID:26002258 
96. Cap AP, Pidcoke HF, DePasquale M, Rappold JF, Glassberg E, Eliassen HS, Bjerkvig CK, Fosse TK, Kane S, Thompson P, Sikorski R, Miles E, Fisher A, Ward KR, Spinella PC, Strandenes G. Blood far forward: Time to get moving! J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(6 Suppl 1):S2-6. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000626  PMID:26002259 
97. Camazine MN, Hemmila MR, Leonard JC, Jacobs RA, Horst JA, Kozar RA, Bochicchio GV, Nathens AB, Cryer HM, Spinella PC. Massive transfusion policies at trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(6 Suppl 1):S48-53. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000641  PMID:26002263 
98. Potter DR, Baimukanova G, Keating SM, Deng X, Chu JA, Gibb SL, Peng Z, Muench MO, Fomin ME, Spinella PC, Kozar R, Pati S. Fresh frozen plasma and spray-dried plasma mitigate pulmonary vascular permeability and inflammation in hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(6 Suppl 1):S7-S17. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000630  PMID:26002267 
99. Fields ME, Hulbert ML, Chen L, Berlin AN, Jackups R, Spinella PC. Red blood cell storage duration is not associated with clinical outcomes for acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease. Transfusion. 2015;55(11):2714-2721. doi:10.1111/trf.13176  PMID:26033266 
100. Karam O, Demaret P, Shefler A, Leteurtre S, Spinella PC, Stanworth SJ, Tucci M, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG), Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI), BloodNet, PlasmaTV Investigators. Indications and Effects of Plasma Transfusions in Critically Ill Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(12):1395-1402. doi:10.1164/rccm.201503-0450OC  PMID:25859890 
101. Inglis HC, Danesh A, Shah A, Lacroix J, Spinella PC, Norris PJ. Techniques to improve detection and analysis of extracellular vesicles using flow cytometry. Cytometry A. 2015;87(11):1052-1063. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22649  PMID:25847910 
102. Borgman MA, Matos RI, Spinella PC. Isolated pediatric burn injury in Iraq and Afghanistan. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(2):e23-7. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000000307  PMID:25560430 
103. Saini A, Hartman ME, Gage BF, Said A, Gazit AZ, Eghtesady P, Boston US, Spinella PC. Incidence of Platelet Dysfunction by Thromboelastography-Platelet Mapping in Children Supported with ECMO: A Pilot Retrospective Study. Front Pediatr. 2015;3:116. doi:10.3389/fped.2015.00116  PMCID:PMC4702183  PMID:26779465 
104. Neff LP, Cannon JW, Morrison JJ, Edwards MJ, Spinella PC, Borgman MA. Clearly defining pediatric massive transfusion: cutting through the fog and friction with combat data. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(1):22-8; discussion 28-9. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000488  PMID:25539199 
105. Muszynski JA, Frazier E, Nofziger R, Nateri J, Hanson-Huber L, Steele L, Nicol K, Spinella PC, Hall MW, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (Blood Net) subgroup of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI). Red blood cell transfusion and immune function in critically ill children: a prospective observational study. Transfusion. 2014;55(4):766-774. doi:10.1111/trf.12896  PMID:25355535 
106. Saini A, Spinella PC. Management of anticoagulation and hemostasis for pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin Lab Med. 2014;34(3):655-73. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.06.014  PMID:25168949 
107. Spinella PC, Strandenes G. The Trauma Hemostasis and Oxygenation Research Network's Remote Damage Control Resuscitation Symposium. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:1-2. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000059  PMID:24089006 
108. Strandenes G, Berséus O, Cap AP, Hervig T, Reade M, Prat N, Sailliol A, Gonzales R, Simon CD, Ness P, Doughty HA, Spinella PC, Kristoffersen EK. Low titer group O whole blood in emergency situations. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:70-5. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000150  PMID:24569505 
109. Pidcoke HF, Spinella PC, Ramasubramanian AK, Strandenes G, Hervig T, Ness PM, Cap AP. Refrigerated platelets for the treatment of acute bleeding: a review of the literature and reexamination of current standards. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:51-3. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000078  PMID:24662779 
110. Jenkins DH, Rappold JF, Badloe JF, Berséus O, Blackbourne L, Brohi KH, Butler FK, Cap AP, Cohen MJ, Davenport R, DePasquale M, Doughty H, Glassberg E, Hervig T, Hooper TJ, Kozar R, Maegele M, Moore EE, Murdock A, Ness PM, Pati S, Rasmussen T, Sailliol A, Schreiber MA, Sunde GA, van de Watering LM, Ward KR, Weiskopf RB, White NJ, Strandenes G, Spinella PC. Trauma hemostasis and oxygenation research position paper on remote damage control resuscitation: definitions, current practice, and knowledge gaps. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:3-12. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000140  PMID:24430539 
111. Spinella PC, Doctor A. Role of transfused red blood cells for shock and coagulopathy within remote damage control resuscitation. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:30-4. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000089  PMID:24296434 
112. Faustino EV, Hanson S, Spinella PC, Tucci M, O'Brien SH, Nunez AR, Yung M, Truemper E, Qin L, Li S, Marohn K, Randolph AG, PROphylaxis against ThRombosis prACTice (PROTRACT) Study Investigators of the PALISI BloodNet. A multinational study of thromboprophylaxis practice in critically ill children. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(5):1232-40. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000147  PMID:24351371 
113. Strandenes G, De Pasquale M, Cap AP, Hervig TA, Kristoffersen EK, Hickey M, Cordova C, Berseus O, Eliassen HS, Fisher L, Williams S, Spinella PC. Emergency whole-blood use in the field: a simplified protocol for collection and transfusion. Shock. 2014;41 Suppl 1:76-83. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000114  PMID:24365879 
114. Cohn SM, DeRosa M, Kumar A, Harrison C, Dent D, Sivam S, McCarthy J, Warner S, Williams S, Michalek JE, Spinella P. Impact of the age of transfused red blood cells in the trauma population: a feasibility study. Injury. 2014;45(3):605-11. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2013.07.016  PMID:24139171 
115. Cordova CB, Cap AP, Spinella PC. Fresh whole blood transfusion for a combat casualty in austere combat environment. J Spec Oper Med. 2014;14(1):9-12. PMID:24604433 
116. Glassberg E, Nadler R, Gendler S, Abramovich A, Spinella PC, Gerhardt RT, Holcomb JB, Kreiss Y. Freeze-dried plasma at the point of injury: from concept to doctrine. Shock. 2013;40(6):444-50. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000047  PMID:24089000 
117. Dua A, Via KC, Kreishman P, Kragh JF Jr, Spinella PC, Patel B, Gillespie DL, Mahoney P, Fox CJ. Early management of pediatric vascular injuries through humanitarian surgical care during U.S. military operations. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(3):695-700. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.02.034  PMID:23683379 
118. Matos MR, Watson RS, Nadkarni VM, Huang HH, Berg RA, Carroll CL, Berens RJ, Praestgaard A, Weissfeld L, Spinella PC. Response to letters regarding article, “Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and illness category impact survival and neurologic outcomes for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrests". Circulation. 2013;128(7):e102-3. PMID:24137625 
119. Brockamp T, Maegele M, Gaarder C, Goslings JC, Cohen MJ, Lefering R, Joosse P, Naess PA, Skaga NO, Groat T, Eaglestone S, Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Schreiber MA, Brohi K. Comparison of the predictive performance of the BIG, TRISS, and PS09 score in an adult trauma population derived from multiple international trauma registries. Crit Care. 2013;17(4):R134. doi:10.1186/cc12813  PMID:23844754 
120. Strandenes G, Skogrand H, Spinella PC, Hervig T, Rein EB. Donor performance of combat readiness skills of special forces soldiers are maintained immediately after whole blood donation: a study to support the development of a prehospital fresh whole blood transfusion program. Transfusion. 2013;53(3):526-30. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03767.x  PMID:22738468 
121. Spinella PC. The blind physicians and the elephant on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(2):231-3. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e31827451ea  PMID:23388574 
122. Faustino EV, Spinella PC, Li S, Pinto MG, Stoltz P, Tala J, Card ME, Northrup V, Baker KE, Goodman TR, Chen L, Silva CT. Incidence and acute complications of asymptomatic central venous catheter-related deep venous thrombosis in critically ill children. J Pediatr. 2013;162(2):387-91. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.06.059  PMCID:PMC3575007  PMID:22883418 
123. Matos RI, Watson RS, Nadkarni VM, Huang HH, Berg RA, Meaney PA, Carroll CL, Berens RJ, Praestgaard A, Weissfeld L, Spinella PC, American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation (Formerly the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Investigators. Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and illness category impact survival and neurologic outcomes for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrests. Circulation. 2013;127(4):442-51. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125625  PMID:23339874 
124. Strandenes G, Cap AP, Cacic D, Lunde TH, Eliassen HS, Hervig T, Spinella PC. Blood Far Forward--a whole blood research and training program for austere environments. Transfusion. 2013;53 Suppl 1:124S-130S. doi:10.1111/trf.12046  PMID:23301964 
125. Gerhardt RT, Strandenes G, Cap AP, Rentas FJ, Glassberg E, Mott J, Dubick MA, Spinella PC, THOR Network and RemTORN Study Groups. Remote damage control resuscitation and the Solstrand Conference: defining the need, the language, and a way forward. Transfusion. 2013;53 Suppl 1:9S-16S. doi:10.1111/trf.12030  PMID:23301981 
126. Nessen SC, Eastridge BJ, Cronk D, Craig RM, Berséus O, Ellison R, Remick K, Seery J, Shah A, Spinella PC. Fresh whole blood use by forward surgical teams in Afghanistan is associated with improved survival compared to component therapy without platelets. Transfusion. 2013;53 Suppl 1:107S-113S. doi:10.1111/trf.12044  PMID:23301962 
127. Wataha K, Menge T, Deng X, Shah A, Bode A, Holcomb JB, Potter D, Kozar R, Spinella PC, Pati S. Spray-dried plasma and fresh frozen plasma modulate permeability and inflammation in vitro in vascular endothelial cells. Transfusion. 2013;53 Suppl 1:80S-90S. doi:10.1111/trf.12040  PMID:23301978 
128. Strandenes G, Spinella PC. The Solstrand remote damage control resuscitation symposium. Transfusion. 2013;53 Suppl 1:6S-8S. doi:10.1111/trf.12029  PMID:23301976 
129. Kipfmueller F, Wyen H, Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Wirth S, Maegele M. [Epidemiology, risk stratification and outcome of severe pediatric trauma]. Klin Padiatr. 2013;225(1):34-40. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1329945  PMID:23203384 
130. Peiniger S, Paffrath T, Mutschler M, Brockamp T, Borgmann M, Spinella PC, Bouillon B, Maegele M, TraumaRegister DGU. The trauma patient in hemorrhagic shock: how is the C-priority addressed between emergency and ICU admission? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012;20:78. doi:10.1186/1757-7241-20-78  PMCID:PMC3546869  PMID:23199212 
131. Borgman M, Matos RI, Blackbourne LH, Spinella PC. Ten years of military pediatric care in Afghanistan and Iraq. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6 Suppl 5):S509-13. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318275477c  PMID:23192078 
132. Pidcoke HF, Aden JK, Mora AG, Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Dubick MA, Blackbourne LH, Cap AP. Ten-year analysis of transfusion in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom: increased plasma and platelet use correlates with improved survival. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6 Suppl 5):S445-52. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182754796  PMID:23192068 
133. Maegele M, Spinella PC, Schöchl H. The acute coagulopathy of trauma: mechanisms and tools for risk stratification. Shock. 2012;38(5):450-8. doi:10.1097/SHK.0b013e31826dbd23  PMID:23042192 
134. Valentine SL, Sapru A, Higgerson RA, Spinella PC, Flori HR, Graham DA, Brett M, Convery M, Christie LM, Karamessinis L, Randolph AG, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigator's (PALISI) Network, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Research Network (ARDSNet). Fluid balance in critically ill children with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(10):2883-9. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31825bc54d  PMCID:PMC3455114  PMID:22824936 
135. Spinella PC, Reddy HL, Jaffe JS, Cap AP, Goodrich RP. Fresh whole blood use for hemorrhagic shock: preserving benefit while avoiding complications. Anesth Analg. 2012;115(4):751-8. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318261f40e  PMID:22763908 
136. Cap AP, Spinella PC, Borgman MA, Blackbourne LH, Perkins JG. Timing and location of blood product transfusion and outcomes in massively transfused combat casualties. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(2 Suppl 1):S89-94. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318260625a  PMID:22847102 
137. Doctor A, Spinella P. Effect of processing and storage on red blood cell function in vivo. Semin Perinatol. 2012;36(4):248-59. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2012.04.005  PMCID:PMC3404625  PMID:22818545 
138. Peiniger S, Nienaber U, Lefering R, Braun M, Wafaisade A, Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Maegele M, Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie. Glasgow Coma Scale as a predictor for hemocoagulative disorders after blunt pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(4):455-60. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e31823893c5  PMID:22422166 
139. Spinella PC, Dunne J, Beilman GJ, O'Connell RJ, Borgman MA, Cap AP, Rentas F. Constant challenges and evolution of US military transfusion medicine and blood operations in combat. Transfusion. 2012;52(5):1146-53. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03594.x  PMID:22575063 
140. Patregnani JT, Borgman MA, Maegele M, Wade CE, Blackbourne LH, Spinella PC. Coagulopathy and shock on admission is associated with mortality for children with traumatic injuries at combat support hospitals. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(3):273-7. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e31822f1727  PMID:21926654 
141. Maegele M, Brockamp T, Nienaber U, Probst C, Schoechl H, Görlinger K, Spinella P. Predictive Models and Algorithms for the Need of Transfusion Including Massive Transfusion in Severely Injured Patients. Transfus Med Hemother. 2012;39(2):85-97. doi:000337243  PMCID:PMC3364090  PMID:22670126 
142. Popp J, Yochum L, Spinella PC, Donahue S, Finck C. Simulation training for surgical residents in pediatric trauma scenarios. Conn Med. 2012;76(3):159-62. PMID:22666976 
143. Spinella PC, Strandenes G, Rein EB, Seghatchian J, Hervig T. Symposium on fresh whole blood for severe hemorrhagic shock: from in-hospital to far forward resuscitations. Transfus Apher Sci. 2012;46(1):113-7. doi:10.1016/j.transci.2012.01.002  PMID:22300839 
144. Inaba K, Branco BC, Rhee P, Blackbourne LH, Holcomb JB, Spinella PC, Shulman I, Nelson J, Demetriades D. Impact of the duration of platelet storage in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma. 2011;71(6):1766-73; discussion 1773-4. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31823bdbf9  PMID:22182887 
145. Levi M, Fries D, Gombotz H, van der Linden P, Nascimento B, Callum JL, Bélisle S, Rizoli S, Hardy JF, Johansson PI, Samama CM, Grottke O, Rossaint R, Henny CP, Goslings JC, Theusinger OM, Spahn DR, Ganter MT, Hess JR, Dutton RP, Scalea TM, Levy JH, Spinella PC, Panzer S, Reesink HW. Prevention and treatment of coagulopathy in patients receiving massive transfusions. Vox Sang. 2011;101(2):154-74. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01472.x  PMID:21749403 
146. Brasel KJ, Vercruysse G, Spinella PC, Wade CE, Blackbourne LH, Borgman MA, Zarzabal LA, Du F, Perkins JG, Maegele M, Schreiber M, Hess JR, Jastrow KM 3rd, Gonzalez EA, Holcomb JB, Kozar R, Trauma Outcomes Group, Brasel KJ, Vercruysse G, MacLeod J, Dutton RP, Duchesne JC, McSwain NE, Muskat P, Johannigamn J, Cryer HM, Cryer HM, Pittet JF, Knudson P, De Moya MA, Tieu B, Brundage S, Napolitano LM, Brunsvold M, Sihler KC, Beilman G, Peitzman AB, Zenait MS, Sperry J, Alarcon L, Croce MA, Minei JP, Stewart RM, Cohn SM, Mickalek JE, Bulger EM, Cotton BA, Nunez TC, Ivatury R, Meredith JW, Miller P, Pomper GJ, Marin B. The association of blood component use ratios with the survival of massively transfused trauma patients with and without severe brain injury. J Trauma. 2011;71(2 Suppl 3):S343-52. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318227ef2d  PMID:21814102 
147. Spinella PC, Doctor A, Blumberg N, Holcomb JB. Does the storage duration of blood products affect outcomes in critically ill patients? Transfusion. 2011;51(8):1644-50. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03245.x  PMID:21831180 
148. Barbosa RR, Rowell SE, Sambasivan CN, Diggs BS, Spinella PC, Schreiber MA, Trauma Outcomes Group, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Brasel KJ, Vercruysse G, MacLeod J, Dutton RP, Hess JR, Duchesne JC, McSwain NE, Muskat P, Johannigamn J, Cryer HM, Tillou A, Cohen MJ, Pittet JF, Knudson P, De Moya MA, Schreiber MA, Tieu B, Brundage S, Napolitano LM, Brunsvold M, Sihler KC, Beilman G, Peitzman AB, Zenait MS, Sperry J, Alarcon L, Croce MA, Minei JP, Kozar R, Gonzalez EA, Stewart RM, Cohn SM, Mickalek JE, Bulger EM, Cotton BA, Nunez TC, Ivatury R, Meredith JW, Pomper GJ, Marin B. A predictive model for mortality in massively transfused trauma patients. J Trauma. 2011;71(2 Suppl 3):S370-4. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318227f18f  PMID:21814106 
149. Holcomb JB, Zarzabal LA, Michalek JE, Kozar RA, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Matijevic N, Dong JF, Pati S, Wade CE, Trauma Outcomes Group, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Cotton BA, Kozar RA, Brasel KJ, Vercruysse GA, MacLeod JB, Dutton RP, Hess JR, Duchesne JC, McSwain NE, Muskat PC, Johannigamn JA, Cryer HM, Tillou A, Cohen MJ, Pittet JF, Knudson P, DeMoya MA, Schreiber MA, Tieu BH, Brundage SI, Napolitano LM, Brunsvold ME, Sihler KC, Beilman GJ, Peitzman AB, Zenati MS, Sperry JL, Alarcon LH, Croce MA, Minei JP, Steward RM, Cohn SM, Michalek JE, Bulger EM, Nunez TC, Ivatury RR, Meredith JW, Miller PR, Pomper GJ, Marin B. Increased platelet:RBC ratios are associated with improved survival after massive transfusion. J Trauma. 2011;71(2 Suppl 3):S318-28. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318227edbb  PMID:21814099 
150. Cap AP, Spinella PC. Severity of head injury is associated with increased risk of coagulopathy in combat casualties. J Trauma. 2011;71(1 Suppl):S78-81. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182218cd8  PMID:21795882 
151. Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Holcomb JB, Blackbourne LH, Wade CE, Lefering R, Bouillon B, Maegele M. The effect of FFP:RBC ratio on morbidity and mortality in trauma patients based on transfusion prediction score. Vox Sang. 2011;101(1):44-54. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01466.x  PMCID:PMC3155292  PMID:21438884 
152. Borgman MA, Maegele M, Wade CE, Blackbourne LH, Spinella PC. Pediatric trauma BIG score: predicting mortality in children after military and civilian trauma. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):e892-7. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2439  PMID:21422095 
153. Spinella PC, Sparrow RL, Hess JR, Norris PJ. Properties of stored red blood cells: understanding immune and vascular reactivity. Transfusion. 2011;51(4):894-900. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03103.x  PMCID:PMC3081134  PMID:21496052 
154. Perkins JG, Cap AP, Spinella PC, Shorr AF, Beekley AC, Grathwohl KW, Rentas FJ, Wade CE, Holcomb JB, 31st Combat Support Hospital Research Group. Comparison of platelet transfusion as fresh whole blood versus apheresis platelets for massively transfused combat trauma patients (CME). Transfusion. 2011;51(2):242-52. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02818.x  PMID:20796254 
155. Peiniger S, Nienaber U, Lefering R, Braun M, Wafaisade A, Wutzler S, Borgmann M, Spinella PC, Maegele M, Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie. Balanced massive transfusion ratios in multiple injury patients with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care. 2011;15(1):R68. doi:10.1186/cc10048  PMCID:PMC3222001  PMID:21342499 
156. Katsios C, Griffith L, Spinella P, Lacroix J, Crowther M, Hebert P, Meade M, Geerts W, Rabbat C, Cook D. Red blood cell transfusion and increased length of storage are not associated with deep vein thrombosis in medical and surgical critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Crit Care. 2011;15(6):R263. doi:10.1186/cc10526  PMCID:PMC3388665  PMID:22044745 
157. Spinella PC, Dressler A, Tucci M, Carroll CL, Rosen RS, Hume H, Sloan SR, Lacroix J, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network. Survey of transfusion policies at US and Canadian children's hospitals in 2008 and 2009. Transfusion. 2010;50(11):2328-35. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02708.x  PMID:20529008 
158. Martin JE, Teff RJ, Spinella PC. Care of pediatric neurosurgical patients in Iraq in 2007: clinical and ethical experience of a field hospital. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;6(3):250-6. doi:10.3171/2010.6.PEDS1031  PMID:20809709 
159. Gauvin F, Spinella PC, Lacroix J, Choker G, Ducruet T, Karam O, Hébert PC, Hutchison JS, Hume HA, Tucci M, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Association between length of storage of transfused red blood cells and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in pediatric intensive care patients. Transfusion. 2010;50(9):1902-13. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02661.x  PMID:20456697 
160. Wade CE, Eastridge BJ, Jones JA, West SA, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Dubick MA, Blackbourne LH, Holcomb JB. Use of recombinant factor VIIa in US military casualties for a five-year period. J Trauma. 2010;69(2):353-9. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e49059  PMID:20699744 
161. Dressler AM, Finck CM, Carroll CL, Bonanni CC, Spinella PC. Use of a massive transfusion protocol with hemostatic resuscitation for severe intraoperative bleeding in a child. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(7):1530-3. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.03.023  PMID:20638538 
162. Larson CR, White CE, Spinella PC, Jones JA, Holcomb JB, Blackbourne LH, Wade CE. Association of shock, coagulopathy, and initial vital signs with massive transfusion in combat casualties. J Trauma. 2010;69 Suppl 1:S26-32. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e423f4  PMID:20622616 
163. Carroll CL, Spinella PC, Corsi JM, Stoltz P, Zucker AR. Emergent endotracheal intubations in children: be careful if it's late when you intubate. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010;11(3):343-8. PMID:20464775 
164. Holcomb JB, Spinella PC. Optimal use of blood in trauma patients. Biologicals. 2010;38(1):72-7. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.10.007  PMCID:PMC3126656  PMID:20074980 
165. Karam O, Tucci M, Bateman ST, Ducruet T, Spinella PC, Randolph AG, Lacroix J. Association between length of storage of red blood cell units and outcome of critically ill children: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R57. doi:10.1186/cc8953  PMCID:PMC2887178  PMID:20377853 
166. Spinella PC, Holcomb JB. Resuscitation and transfusion principles for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Blood Rev. 2009;23(6):231-40. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2009.07.003  PMCID:PMC3159517  PMID:19695750 
167. Fuenfer MM, Spinella PC, Naclerio AL, Creamer KM. The U.S. military wartime pediatric trauma mission: how surgeons and pediatricians are adapting the system to address the need. Mil Med. 2009;174(9):887-91. PMID:19780362 
168. Perkins JG, Cap AP, Spinella PC, Blackbourne LH, Grathwohl KW, Repine TB, Ketchum L, Waterman P, Lee RE, Beekley AC, Sebesta JA, Shorr AF, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. An evaluation of the impact of apheresis platelets used in the setting of massively transfused trauma patients. J Trauma. 2009;66(4 Suppl):S77-84; discussion S84-5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31819d8936  PMID:19359974 
169. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Beekley AC, Holcomb JB. Warm fresh whole blood is independently associated with improved survival for patients with combat-related traumatic injuries. J Trauma. 2009;66(4 Suppl):S69-76. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31819d85fb  PMCID:PMC3126655  PMID:19359973 
170. Beekley AC, Martin MJ, Spinella PC, Telian SP, Holcomb JB. Predicting resource needs for multiple and mass casualty events in combat: lessons learned from combat support hospital experience in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Trauma. 2009;66(4 Suppl):S129-37. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31819d85e7  PMID:19359956 
171. Nylund CM, Borgman MA, Holcomb JB, Jenkins D, Spinella PC. Thromboelastography to direct the administration of recombinant activated factor VII in a child with traumatic injury requiring massive transfusion. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2009;10(2):e22-6. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e31819bb939  PMID:19265363 
172. Spinella PC, Carroll CL, Staff I, Gross R, Mc Quay J, Keibel L, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Duration of red blood cell storage is associated with increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and in hospital mortality in patients with traumatic injuries. Crit Care. 2009;13(5):R151. doi:10.1186/cc8050  PMCID:PMC2784373  PMID:19772604 
173. Matos RI, Holcomb JB, Callahan C, Spinella PC. Increased mortality rates of young children with traumatic injuries at a US army combat support hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, 2004. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):e959-66. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1244  PMID:18977963 
174. Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Michalek JE, Chisholm GB, Zarzabal LA, Schreiber MA, Gonzalez EA, Pomper GJ, Perkins JG, Spinella PC, Williams KL, Park MS. Increased plasma and platelet to red blood cell ratios improves outcome in 466 massively transfused civilian trauma patients. Ann Surg. 2008;248(3):447-58. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318185a9ad  PMID:18791365 
175. Allibhai TF, Spinella PC, Meyer MT, Hall BH, Kofos D, DiGeronimo RJ. Survival after prolonged pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for adenoviral pneumonia. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43(8):e9-e11. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.03.065  PMID:18675627 
176. Spinella PC. Warm fresh whole blood transfusion for severe hemorrhage: U.S. military and potential civilian applications. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(7 Suppl):S340-5. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817e2ef9  PMID:18594261 
177. Spinella PC, Borgman MA, Azarow KS. Pediatric trauma in an austere combat environment. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(7 Suppl):S293-6. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817da99f  PMID:18594255 
178. Grathwohl KW, Black IH, Spinella PC, Sweeney J, Robalino J, Helminiak J, Grimes J, Gullick R, Wade CE. Total intravenous anesthesia including ketamine versus volatile gas anesthesia for combat-related operative traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(1):44-53. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817c02e3  PMID:18580171 
179. Niles SE, McLaughlin DF, Perkins JG, Wade CE, Li Y, Spinella PC, Holcomb JB. Increased mortality associated with the early coagulopathy of trauma in combat casualties. J Trauma. 2008;64(6):1459-63; discussion 1463-5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318174e8bc  PMID:18545109 
180. Burnett MW, Spinella PC, Azarow KS, Callahan CW. Pediatric care as part of the US Army medical mission in the global war on terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq, December 2001 to December 2004. Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):261-5. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3666  PMID:18245416 
181. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, McLaughlin DF, Niles SE, Grathwohl KW, Beekley AC, Salinas J, Mehta S, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. The effect of recombinant activated factor VII on mortality in combat-related casualties with severe trauma and massive transfusion. J Trauma. 2008;64(2):286-93; discussion 293-4. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318162759f  PMID:18301188 
182. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Beekley AC, Niles SE, McLaughlin DF, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Effect of plasma and red blood cell transfusions on survival in patients with combat related traumatic injuries. J Trauma. 2008;64(2 Suppl):S69-77; discussion S77-8. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318160ba2f  PMID:18376175 
183. Stinger HK, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Salinas J, Martini WZ, Hess JR, Dubick MA, Simon CD, Beekley AC, Wolf SE, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. The ratio of fibrinogen to red cells transfused affects survival in casualties receiving massive transfusions at an army combat support hospital. J Trauma. 2008;64(2 Suppl):S79-85; discussion S85. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318160a57b  PMID:18376176 
184. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Repine T, Beekley AC, Sebesta J, Jenkins D, Azarow K, Holcomb JB, 31st CSH Research Working Group. Fresh whole blood transfusions in coalition military, foreign national, and enemy combatant patients during Operation Iraqi Freedom at a U.S. combat support hospital. World J Surg. 2008;32(1):2-6. doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9201-5  PMID:17990028 
185. Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Repine T, Beekley AC, Sebesta J, Jenkins D, Azarow K, Holcomb JB, 31st Combat Support Hospital Research Working Group. Risks associated with fresh whole blood and red blood cell transfusions in a combat support hospital. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(11):2576-81. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000285996.65226.A9  PMID:17828033 
186. Borgman MA, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Grathwohl KW, Repine T, Beekley AC, Sebesta J, Jenkins D, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. The ratio of blood products transfused affects mortality in patients receiving massive transfusions at a combat support hospital. J Trauma. 2007;63(4):805-13. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181271ba3  PMID:18090009 
187. Spinella PC, Priestley MA. Damage control mechanical ventilation: ventilator induced lung injury and lung protective strategies in children. J Trauma. 2007;62(6 Suppl):S82-3. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318065b21f  PMID:17556998 
188. Holcomb JB, Jenkins D, Rhee P, Johannigman J, Mahoney P, Mehta S, Cox ED, Gehrke MJ, Beilman GJ, Schreiber M, Flaherty SF, Grathwohl KW, Spinella PC, Perkins JG, Beekley AC, McMullin NR, Park MS, Gonzalez EA, Wade CE, Dubick MA, Schwab CW, Moore FA, Champion HR, Hoyt DB, Hess JR. Damage control resuscitation: directly addressing the early coagulopathy of trauma. J Trauma. 2007;62(2):307-10. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3180324124  PMID:17297317 
189. McGuigan R, Spinella PC, Beekley A, Sebesta J, Perkins J, Grathwohl K, Azarow K. Pediatric trauma: experience of a combat support hospital in Iraq. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(1):207-10. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.020  PMID:17208567 
190. Srinivasan V, Spinella PC, Drott HR, Roth CL, Helfaer MA, Nadkarni V. Association of timing, duration, and intensity of hyperglycemia with intensive care unit mortality in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2004;5(4):329-36. PMID:15215001 
191. Rajendra A, Spinella PC, Drott HR, Dominguez TE, Sutton L, Helfaer M. S-100beta protein--serum levels in children with brain neoplasms and its potential as a tumor marker. J Neurooncol. 2004;67(3):345-9. PMID:15164991 
192. Spinella PC, Donoghue A, Rajendra A, Drott HR, Dominguez TE, Helfaer M. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of S-100beta in children and its elevation in pediatric meningitis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2004;5(1):53-7. doi:10.1097/01.PCC.0000102221.98378.7D  PMID:14697109 
193. Spinella PC, Dominguez T, Drott HR, Huh J, McCormick L, Rajendra A, Argon J, McIntosh T, Helfaer M. S-100beta protein-serum levels in healthy children and its association with outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(3):939-45. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000053644.16336.52  PMID:12627009 
194. Spinella PC, Strieper MJ, Callahan CW. Congestive heart failure in a neonate secondary to bilateral intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestrations. Pediatrics. 1998;101(1 Pt 1):120-4. PMID:9417164