Department of Pediatrics

Clinical Interests

Our current research interests include 1) the effect of the neonatal microbiome on health and disease, with emphasis on necrotizing enterocolitis, and 2) the role of epidermal growth factor on preterm infant gut development including prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis

Education

• BS, University of Dayton, 1979
• MSc, University of Massachusetts, 1983
• MD, University of Cincinnati, 1985

Training

• Resident, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 1985 - 1988
• Neonatal - Perinatal Fellowship, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 1988 - 1991
• William Cooper Procter Research Scholar, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 1991 - 1994

Licensure and Board Certification

• OH, Medical License
• MO, Medical License
• IL Medical License
• 1991 - PresNeonatal-Perinatal Medicine
• 2012 - PresNeonatal Resuscitation Program

Honors and Awards

• K12 Child Health Research Development Award, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 1993 - 1994
• Most Breast Feeding Supportive Physician, Ohio March 2004, 2004 - 2004
• “Best Doctors”- Cincinnati, 2005 - 2007
• Cincinnati Business Courier’s 2007 Health Care Heroes Award, 2007 - 2007
• “Best Doctors" in America, 2011 - Pres
• “Best Doctors”-St Louis, 2011 - Pres
• Academic Women's Network at Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine Mentor Award, 2018

Recent Publications view all (65)

Publication Co-Authors

Alexandra Lahart

Gregory A. Storch, M.D.

Dustin Baldridge

Marwan Shinawi, M.D.

Christopher McPherson

Lori R. Holtz, M.D., M.S.P.H.

Jason Newland, M.D., M.Ed.

Phillip I. Tarr, M.D.

David A. Hunstad, M.D.

Kristine Wylie, Ph.D.

Mark J. Manary, M.D.

Jennifer A Wambach, M.D.

Amit M Mathur, M.D., M.R.C.P.

Rusconi

Alexis M. Elward, M.D., M.P.H.

Dorothy Katherine Grange, M.D.

Todd N. Wylie

Guoyan Zhao

Stephanie A. Fritz, M.D., M.S.C.I.

Reich, Patrick

Samuel Julian, M.D.

Francis Sessions Cole, III, M.D.

Tasnim A. Najaf, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Barbara B. Warner, M.D., MSc

1. Thänert R, Keen EC, Dantas G, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Necrotizing enterocolitis and the microbiome: Current status and future directions. J Infect Dis. 2020. PMID:33330904 
2. Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Coughlin PE, Kulkarni DH, Gustafsson JK, Rusconi B, John V, Ndao IM, Beigelman A, Good M, Warner BB, Elson CO, Hsieh CS, Hogan SP, Tarr PI, and Newberry RD. Synchronization of mothers and offspring promotes tolerance and limits allergy JCI Insight. 2020;5(15):e137943. 
3. Renganathan A, Warner BB, Tarr PI & Dharnidharka VR. The progression of serum cystatin C concentrations within the first month of life after preterm birth—a worldwide systematic review Pediatric Nephrology. 2020. 
4. Knoop et al. Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic E.coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis. PNAS. 2020. 
5. Maqsood, R., Rodgers, R., Rodriguez, C. et al. Discordant transmission of bacteria and viruses from mothers to babies at birth. Microbiome. 2019;7:156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0766-7  
6. Gasparrini AJ, Wang B, Sun X, Kennedy EA, Hernandez-Leyva A, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Persistent metagenomic signatures of early-life hospitalization and antibiotic treatment in the infant gut microbiota and resistome. Nat Microbiol. 2019. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0550-2  PMID:31501537 
7. Lahart AC, McPherson CC, Gerber JS, Warner BB, Lee BR, Newland JG. Application of an antibiotic spectrum index in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019;40(10):1181-1183. doi:10.1017/ice.2019  PMID:31352907 
8. Charron AC, Carl MA, Warner BB, Newland JG, McPherson CC. Determinants of Initial Antibiotic Duration in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates. Infect Dis Ther. 2019;8(2):209-217. doi:10.1007/s40121-019-0241-6  PMCID:PMC6522625  PMID:30825133 
9. Baumann-Dudenhoeffer AM, D'Souza AW, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Infant diet and maternal gestational weight gain predict early metabolic maturation of gut microbiomes Nat Med. 2018;24(12):1822-1829. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0216-2  PMCID:PMC6294307  PMID:30374198 
10. Warner BB. The contribution of the gut microbiome to neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pediatr Res. 2018. PMID:30283047 
11. Engelstad HJ, Barron L, Moen J, Wylie TN, Wylie K, Rubin DC, Davidson N, Cade WT, Warner BB , Warner BW. Remnant Small Bowel Length Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Linear Growth in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome J Am Coll Surg.. 2018;227(4):439-449. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.07.657  PMCID:PMC6162148  PMID:30077861 
12. Rusconi B, Jiang X, Sidhu R, Ory DS, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gut Sphingolipid Composition as a Prelude to Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10984. PMCID:PMC6054655  PMID:30030452 
13. Chandrasekaran S, Burnham CD, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Wylie TN. Carriage of Cronobacter sakazakii in the Very Preterm Infant Gut. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(2):269-274. PMCID:PMC6030953  PMID:29394356 
14. Wambach JA, Stettner GM, Haack TB, Writzl K, Škofljanec A, Maver A, Munell F, Ossowski S, Bosio M, Wegner DJ, Shinawi M, Baldridge D, Alhaddad B, Strom TM, Grange DK, Wilichowski E, Troxell R, Collins J, Warner BB, Schmidt RE, Pestronk A, Cole FS, Steinfeld R. Survival among children with "Lethal" congenital contracture syndrome 11 caused by novel mutations in the gliomedin gene (GLDN). Hum Mutat. 2017;38(11):1477-1484. PMCID:PMC5638693  PMID:28726266 
15. Barron LK (1), Warner BB (2), Tarr PI ((3), Shannon WD (4), Deych E (4), Warner (5). Independence of gut bacterial content and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis severity. J Pediatric Surg(. 2017;52(6):993-998. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.217.03.029  PMCID:PMC5473614  PMID:28410788 
16. Pammi M, Cope J, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Morrow AL, Mai V, Gregory KE, Kroll JS, McMurtry V, Ferris MJ, Engstrand L, Lilja HE, Hollister EB, Versalovic J, Neu J. Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):31. PMCID:PMC5343300  PMID:28274256 
17. Rusconi B, Warner BB. The Hidden Treasure of Neonatal Screening: Identifying New Risk Factors and Possible Mechanisms of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Through Big Data. J Pediatr. 2017;181:9-11. PMCID:PMC5507359  PMID:27931825 
18. Gasparrini AJ, Crofts TS, Gibson MK, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Antibiotic perturbation of the preterm infant gut microbiome and resistome. Gut Microbes. 2016;7(5):443-9. PMCID:PMC5154371  PMID:27472377 
19. Reich PJ, Boyle MG, Hogan PG, Johnson AJ, Wallace MA, Elward AM, Warner BB, Burnham CA, Fritz SA. Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the neonatal intensive care unit: an infection prevention and patient safety challenge. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(7):645.e1-8. PMCID:PMC4987169  PMID:27126609 
20. Planer JD, Peng Y, Kau AL, Blanton LV, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Gordon JI. Development of the gut microbiota and mucosal IgA responses in twins and gnotobiotic mice. Nature. 2016;534(7606):263-6. PMCID:PMC4902178  PMID:27279225 
21. Warner BB, Deych E, Zhou Y, Hall-Moore C, Weinstock GM, Sodergren E, Shaikh N, Hoffmann JA, Linneman LA, Hamvas A, Khanna G, Rouggly-Nickless LC, Ndao IM, Shands BA, Escobedo M, Sullivan JE, Radmacher PG, Shannon WD, Tarr PI. Gut bacteria dysbiosis and necrotising enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants: a prospective case-control study. Lancet. 2016;387(10031):1928-36. PMCID:PMC5553277  PMID:26969089 
22. Gibson MK, Wang B, Ahmadi S, Burnham CA, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Developmental dynamics of the preterm infant gut microbiota and antibiotic resistome. Nat Microbiol. 2016;1:16024. PMCID:PMC5031140  PMID:27572443 
23. Lim ES, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Bauer IK, Droit L, Ndao IM, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Wang D, Holtz LR. Early life dynamics of the human gut virome and bacterial microbiome in infants. Nat Med. 2015;21(10):1228-34. doi:10.1038/nm.3950  PMID:26366711 
24. Chung WK, Martin K, Jalas C, Braddock SR, Juusola J, Monaghan KG, Warner B, Franks S, Yudkoff M, Lulis L, Rhodes RH, Prasad V, Torti E, Cho MT, Shinawi M. Mutations in COQ4, an essential component of coenzyme Q biosynthesis, cause lethal neonatal mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. J Med Genet. 2015;52(9):627-35. PMID:26185144 
25. Moore AM, Ahmadi S, Patel S, Gibson MK, Wang B, Ndao MI, Deych E, Shannon W, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Gut resistome development in healthy twin pairs in the first year of life. Microbiome. 2015;3:27. PMCID:PMC4480905  PMID:26113976 
26. Julian S, Burnham CA, Sellenriek P, Shannon WD, Hamvas A, Tarr PI, Warner BB. Impact of neonatal intensive care bed configuration on rates of late-onset bacterial sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;1-10. doi:10.1017/ice.2015.144  PMID:26108888 
27. Gurnee EA, Ndao IM, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Gonzalez MD, Burnham CA, Hall-Moore CM, McGhee JE, Mellmann A, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gut Colonization of Healthy Children and Their Mothers With Pathogenic Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis. 2015. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv278  PMID:25969564 
28. Moore AM, Ahmadi S, Patel S, Gibson MK, Wang B, Ndao IM, Deych E, Shannon W, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Erratum: Gut resistome development in healthy twin pairs in the first year of life. Microbiome. 2015;3:29. PMCID:PMC4511998  PMID:26207183 
29. Warner BB, Hamvas A. Lungs, microbes and the developing neonate. Neonatology. 2015;107(4):337-43. PMCID:PMC4465447  PMID:26044101 
30. Sommovilla J, Zhou Y, Sun RC, Choi PM, Diaz-Miron J, Shaikh N, Sodergren E, Warner BB, Weinstock GM, Tarr PI, Warner BW. Small bowel resection induces long-term changes in the enteric microbiota of mice. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014. doi:10.1007/s11605-014-2631-0  PMID:25183407 
31. La Rosa PS, Warner BB, Zhou Y, Weinstock GM, Sodergren E, Hall-Moore CM, Stevens HJ, Bennett WE Jr, Shaikh N, Linneman LA, Hoffmann JA, Hamvas A, Deych E, Shands BA, Shannon WD, Tarr PI. Patterned progression of bacterial populations in the premature infant gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(34):12522-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.1409497111  PMCID:PMC4151715  PMID:25114261 
32. Warner BB, Warner BW. A fish tale worth telling: enteral fat for management of short gut syndrome. J Pediatr. 2014;165(2):226-7. PMID:24755239 
33. Carl MA, Ndao IM, Springman AC, Manning SD, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Burnham CA, Weinstock ES, Weinstock GM, Wylie TN, Mitreva M, Abubucker S, Zhou Y, Stevens HJ, Hall-Moore C, Julian S, Shaikh N, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(9):1211-8. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu084  PMCID:PMC3982840  PMID:24647013 
34. Gurnee EA, Ndao IM, McGhee JE, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Fritz SA, Burnham CA. Fecal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in healthy children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(2):1261-2. doi:10.1128/AAC.02466-13  PMCID:PMC3910844  PMID:24277049 
35. Gurnee EA, Ndao IM, McGhee JE, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Fritz SA, Burnham CA. Fecal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in healthy children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;58(2):1261-2. PMCID:PMC3910844  PMID:24277049 
36. Melamed R, Storch GA, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gastrointestinal viruses were not found as an aetiology of culture-negative illness in NICU patients. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303807  PMID:23563694 
37. Zhou Y, Gao H, Mihindukulasuriya KA, La Rosa PS, Wylie KM, Vishnivetskaya T, Podar M, Warner B, Tarr PI, Nelson DE, Fortenberry JD, Holland MJ, Burr SE, Shannon WD, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM. Biogeography of the ecosystems of the healthy human body. Genome Biol. 2013;14(1):R1. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-1-r1  PMCID:PMC4054670  PMID:23316946 
38. McPherson C, Warner B, Hunstad DA, Elward A, Acosta EP. Oseltamivir dosing in premature infants. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(6):847-50. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis471  PMCID:PMC3572879  PMID:22807525 
39. McPherson C, Warner B, Hunstad DA, Elward A, Acosta EP. Oseltamivir dosing in premature infants. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(6):847-50. PMCID:PMC3572879  PMID:22807525 
40. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Baldassano RN, Anokhin AP, Heath AC, Warner B, Reeder J, Kuczynski J, Caporaso JG, Lozupone CA, Lauber C, Clemente JC, Knights D, Knight R, Gordon JI. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222-7. doi:10.1038/nature11053  PMCID:PMC3376388  PMID:22699611 
41. González-Rivera R, Culverhouse RC, Hamvas A, Tarr PI, Warner BB. The age of necrotizing enterocolitis onset: an application of Sartwell's incubation period model. J Perinatol. 2011;31(8):519-23. doi:10.1038/jp.2010.193  PMCID:PMC3145821  PMID:21273988 
42. Bucher BT, McDuffie LA, Shaikh N, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Hamvas A, White FV, Erwin CR, Warner BW. Bacterial DNA content in the intestinal wall from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(6):1029-33. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.03.026  PMCID:PMC3118995  PMID:21683193 
43. Morrow AL, Meinzen-Derr J, Huang P, Schibler KR, Cahill T, Keddache M, Kallapur SG, Newburg DS, Tabangin M, Warner BB, Jiang X. Fucosyltransferase 2 non-secretor and low secretor status predicts severe outcomes in premature infants. J Pediatr. 2011;158(5):745-51. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.10.043  PMCID:PMC3412418  PMID:21256510 
44. Odibo AO, Najaf T, Vachharajani A, Warner B, Mathur A, Warner BW. Predictors of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a center's 10-year experience. Prenat Diagn. 2010;30(6):518-21. PMID:20509150 
45. Odibo AO, Najaf T, Vachharajani A, Warner B, Mathur A, Warner BW. Predictors of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a center's 10-year experience. Prenat Diagn. 2010;30(6):518-21. doi:10.1002/pd.2508  PMID:20509150 
46. Bennett WE Jr, González-Rivera R, Shaikh N, Magrini V, Boykin M, Warner BB, Hamvas A, Tarr PI. A method for isolating and analyzing human mRNA from newborn stool. J Immunol Methods. 2009;349(1-2):56-60. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2009.07.013  PMCID:PMC2850193  PMID:19660464 
47. Nair RR, Warner BB, Warner BW. Role of epidermal growth factor and other growth factors in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol. 2008;32(2):107-13. PMID:18346534 
48. Warner BB, Ryan AL, Seeger K, Leonard AC, Erwin CR, Warner BW. Ontogeny of salivary epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr. 2007;150(4):358-63. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.11.059  PMID:17382110 
49. Warner BW, Warner BB. Role of epidermal growth factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005;14(3):175-80. PMID:16084405 
50. Warner B, Brown, B, Kocoshis S, Wessel, JButler, D, Donovan E. Evidence-based Care Guideline for Medical Management of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at Risk for NEC National Guideline Clearinghouse. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. US DHSS. www.guidelines.gov. 2005. 
51. Geraghty SR, Davidson BS, Warner BB, Sapsford AL, Ballard JL, List BA, Akers R, Morrow AL. The development of a research human milk bank. J Hum Lact. 2005;21(1):59-66. doi:10.1177/0890334404273162  PMID:15681638 
52. Altimier L, Eichel M, Warner B. Changing the NICU Physically and Behaviorally to Promote Patient Outcomes and Contain Costs Neonatal Intensive Care : The Journal of Perinatolgy - Neonatology. 2004;17(2):35-39. 
53. Sherrod J, Warner B, Altimier L. Designing and Monitoring an RN-Based PICC Team Neonatal Intensive Care: The Journal of Perinatology - Neonatology. 2004;17(2):19-21. 
54. Warner BB, Sapsford A. Misappropriated Human Milk: Fantasy, Fear, and Fact Regarding Infectious Risk Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews. 2004;4(1):56-61. 
55. Warner B, Musial MJ, Chenier T, Donovan E. The effect of birth hospital type on the outcome of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2004;113(1 Pt 1):35-41. PMID:14702444 
56. Warner BB, Altimier L, Imhoff S. Clinical Excellence for High Risk Neonates: Improved Perinatal Regionalization Through Coordinated Maternal and Neonatal Transport Neonatal Intensive Care: The Journal of Perinatology-Neonatology . 2002;15(6):33-38. 
57. Warner BB, Kiely JL, Donovan EF. Multiple births and outcome. Clin Perinatol. 2000;27(2):347-61, ix. PMID:10863654 
58. Altimier L, Warner B, Amlung S, Kenner C. Neonatal thermoregulation: bed surface transfers. Neonatal Netw. 1999;18(4):35-8. doi:10.1891/0730-0832.18.4.35  PMID:10633683 
59. Warner BB, Stuart LA, Papes RA, Wispé JR. Functional and pathological effects of prolonged hyperoxia in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(1 Pt 1):L110-7. PMID:9688942 
60. Warner BB, Stuart L, Gebb S, Wispé JR. Redox regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase. Am J Physiol. 1996;271(1 Pt 1):L150-8. PMID:8760145 
61. Warner B, Papes R, Heile M, Spitz D, Wispé J. Expression of human Mn SOD in Chinese hamster ovary cells confers protection from oxidant injury. Am J Physiol. 1993;264(6 Pt 1):L598-605. PMID:8333551 
62. Wispé JR, Warner BB, Clark JC, Dey CR, Neuman J, Glasser SW, Crapo JD, Chang LY, Whitsett JA. Human Mn-superoxide dismutase in pulmonary epithelial cells of transgenic mice confers protection from oxygen injury. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(33):23937-41. PMID:1385428 
63. Warner BB, Wispé JR. Free radical-mediated diseases in pediatrics. Semin Perinatol. 1992;16(1):47-57. PMID:1574724 
64. Warner BB, Burhans MS, Clark JC, Wispé JR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases Mn-SOD expression: protection against oxidant injury. Am J Physiol. 1991;260(4 Pt 1):L296-301. PMID:1850207 
65. Wispé JR, Clark JC, Warner BB, Fajardo D, Hull WE, Holtzman RB, Whitsett JA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits expression of pulmonary surfactant protein. J Clin Invest. 1990;86(6):1954-60. doi:10.1172/JCI114929  PMCID:PMC329831  PMID:2123888