Department of Pediatrics

Education

• BA, Brown University, 1975
• MD, Yale University School of Medicine, 1980

Training

• Intern/Resident, University of Washington School of Medicine/Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, 1980 - 1983
• Senior Fellow, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1983 - 1987
• Fellow, University of Washington School of Medicine and Children's Hospital and Medical Center , 1988 - 1989

Licensure and Board Certification

• 1984 - PresPediatrics - ABP
• 1992 - PresPediatric Gastroenterology - ABP
• 2002 - PresMO
• 2012 - 2012BCS
• 2013The American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC)
• 2016 - PresAR

Honors and Awards

• American Gastroenterological Association/Blackwell Scientific Research Scholar Award, 1992 - 1995
• Food and Drug Administration Commissioner's Special Citation, 1997 - 1997
• Melvin E. Carnahan Professor of Pediatrics, Endowed Chair, 2004 - Pres

Recent Publications view all (208)

Publication Co-Authors

James Kemp, M.D.

Gregory A. Storch, M.D.

Christopher McPherson

Misty Good, M.D., M.S.

Philip Levy, M.D.

Lori R. Holtz, M.D., M.S.P.H.

Kristine Wylie, Ph.D.

Mark J. Manary, M.D.

Barbara B. Warner, M.D., MSc

Brian DeBosch, M.D., Ph.D.

Thomas Ferkol, M.D.

Anthony R. French, M.D., Ph.D.

Aimée Baumann-Dudenhoeffer, M.D.

Charles Samson, M.D.

Rusconi

Todd N. Wylie

Guoyan Zhao

Stephanie A. Fritz, M.D., M.S.C.I.

Christina Ahn Hickey, M.D., M.A

Samuel Julian, M.D.

Kevin Baszis, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Phillip I. Tarr, M.D.

1. Ordiz MI, Janssen S, Humphrey G, Ackermann G, Stephenson K, Agapova S, Divala O, Kaimila Y, Maleta K, Zhong C, Knight R, Trehan I, Tarr PI, Rusconi B, Manary MJ. The effect of legume supplementation on the gut microbiota in rural Malawian infants aged 6 to 12 months. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (E-pub ahead of print). 2020. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa011  PMID:32047925 
2. Tarr GAM, Lin CY, Vandermeer B, Lorenzetti DL, Tarr PI, Chui L, Hartling L, Freedman SB. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Commercial Tests for Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Clinical Chemistry. 2020;1;66(2):302-315. doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvz006  PMID:32040589 
3. Liu TC, VanBuskirk K, Ali SA, Kelly MP, Holtz LR, Yilmaz OH, Sadiq K, Iqbal N, Amadi B, Syed S, Ahmed T, Moore S, Ndao IM, Isaacs MH, Pfeifer JD, Atlas H, Tarr PI, Denno DM, Moskaluk CA. A novel histological index for evaluation of environmental enteric dysfunction identifies geographic-specific features of enteropathy among children with suboptimal growth. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007975  PMID:31929525 
4. Zhang Y, Shaikh N, Ferey JL, Wankhade UD, Chintapalli SV, Higgins CB, Crowley JR, Heitmeier MR, Stothard AI, Mihi B, Good MR, Higashiyama T, Swarts BM, Hruz PW, Shankar K, Tarr PI, DeBosch BJ. Lactotrehalose, an Analog of Trehalose, Increases Energy Metabolism Without Promoting Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice. Gastroenterology. 2019. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.295  PMID:31838076 
5. Maqsood R, Rodgers R, Rodriguez C, Handley SA, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Lim ES, Holtz LR. Discordant transmission of bacteria and viruses from mothers to babies at birth. Microbiome. 2019. doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0766-7  PMID:31823811 
6. Tarr GAM, Stokowski T, Shringi S, Tarr PI, Freedman SB, Oltean HN, Rabinowitz PM, Chui L. Contribution and Interaction of Shiga Toxin Genes to Escherichia coli O157:H7 Virulence. Toxins. 2019. doi:10.3390/toxins11100607  PMID:31635282 
7. Dorshow RB, Johnson JR, Debreczeny MP, Riley IR, Shieh JJ, Rogers TE, Hall-Moore C, Shaikh N, Rouggly-Nickless LC, Tarr PI. Transdermal fluorescence detection of a dual fluorophore system for noninvasive point-of-care gastrointestinal permeability measurement. Biomed Opt Express. 2019. doi:10.1364/BOE.10.005103  PMID:31646033 
8. Gasparrini AJ, Wang B, Sun X, Kennedy EA, Hernandez-Leyva A, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Persistent metagenomic signatures of early-life hospitalization and antibiotic treatment in the infant gut microbiota and resistome. Nat Microbiol. 2019. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0550-2   PMID:31501537 
9. Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Freedman SB. Letter: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG offers no benefit over placebo in children with acute gastroenteritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019. doi:10.1111/apt.15418  PMID:31414542 
10. Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Ladva CN, Lopman B, Sanderson C, Cohen AL, Tate JE, Riveros X, Henao-Restrepo AM, Clark A, Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network and Rotavirus Age Study Collaborators. Global Review of the Age Distribution of Rotavirus Disease in Children Aged <5 Years Before the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2019. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz060  PMID:30689799 
11. Tarr GAM, Tarr PI, Freedman SB. Clinical interpretation of enteric molecular diagnostic tests. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2019.08.018  PMID:31491461 
12. Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Freedman SB. Lactobacillus for Gastroenteritis in Children. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(19):e36. PMID:31067399 
13. Xie Y, Matsumoto H, Kennedy S, Newberry EP, Moritz W, DeBosch BJ, Moley KH, Rubin DC, Warner BW, Kau AL, Tarr PI, Wylie TN, Wylie KM, Davidson NO. Impaired Chylomicron Assembly Modifies Hepatic Metabolism Through Bile Acid-Dependent and Transmissible Microbial Adaptations. Hepatology. 2019;70(4):1168-1184. doi:10.1002/hep.30669  PMCID:PMC6783349  PMID:31004524 
14. Kellner T, Parsons B, Chui L, Berenger BM, Xie J, Burnham CA, Tarr PI, Lee BE, Nettel-Aguirre A, Szelewicki J, Vanderkooi OG, Pang XL, Zelyas N, Freedman SB, Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE). Comparative Evaluation of Enteric Bacterial Culture and a Molecular Multiplex Syndromic Panel in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol. 2019. PMID:30971465 
15. Xie J, Tarr GAM, Ali S, Chui L, Pang XL, Lee BE, Vanderkooi OG, Tarr PI, Zhuo R, Parsons B, Berenger B, Kim K, Freedman SB, Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) and Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC).. Pigment Visibility on Rectal Swabs Used to Detect Enteropathogens: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Microbiol. 2019. PMID:30944189 
16. Ryan RM, Keller RL, Poindexter BB, D'Angio CT, Shaw PA, Bellamy SL, Moore PE, McPherson C, Greenberg JM, PROP Investigators. Respiratory Medications in Infants <29 Weeks during the First Year Postdischarge: The Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) Consortium. J Pediatr. 2019. PMID:30857774 
17. Tarr GAM, Lin CY, Lorenzetti D, Chui L, Tarr PI, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, Freedman SB. Performance of commercial tests for molecular detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e025950. PMID:30850413 
18. Ryan RM, Feng R, Bazacliu C, Ferkol TW, Ren CL, Mariani TJ, Poindexter BB, Wang F, Moore PE, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcome Program (PROP) Investigators. Black Race Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia J Pediatr. 2019. PMID:30612812 
19. Tarr GAM, Chui L, Lee BE, Pang XL, Ali S, Nettel-Aguirre A, Vanderkooi OG, Berenger BM, Dickinson J, Tarr PI, Drews S, MacDonald J, Kim K, Freedman SB. Performance of Stool Testing Recommendations for Acute Gastroenteritis when Used to Identify Children with Nine Potential Bacterial Enteropathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2018. PMID:30517612 
20. Tarr GAM, Oltean HN, Phipps AI, Rabinowitz P, Tarr PI. Case definitions of hemolytic uremic syndrome following Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection vary in validity. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018;308(8):1121-1127. PMID:30466555 
21. Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Casper TC, Gorelick MH, Dean JM, O'Connell KJ, Mahajan P, Levine AC, Bhatt SR, Roskind CG, Powell EC, Rogers AJ, Vance C, Sapien RE, Olsen CS, Metheney M, Dickey VP, Hall-Moore C, Freedman SB. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus Placebo for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(21):2002-2014. PMID:30462938 
22. Baumann-Dudenhoeffer AM, D'Souza AW, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Infant diet and maternal gestational weight gain predict early metabolic maturation of gut microbiomes. Nat Med. 2018. PMID:30374198 
23. Tarr GAM, Oltean HN, Phipps AI, Rabinowitz P, Tarr PI. Strength of the association between antibiotic use and hemolytic uremic syndrome following Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection varies with case definition. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018;308(7):921-926. PMID:30257808 
24. Stang AS, Trudeau M, Vanderkooi OG, Lee BE, Chui L, Pang XL, Allen V, Burnham CD, Goldfarb DM, MacDonald J, Parsons B, Petrich A, Pollari F, Tarr PI, Tipples G, Zhuo R, Freedman SB. Diagnostic Interpretation Guidance for Pediatric Enteric Pathogens: A Modified Delphi Consensus Process. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2018;2018:2589826. PMCID:PMC6180965  PMID:30363711 
25. Rusconi B, Jiang X, Sidhu R, Ory DS, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gut Sphingolipid Composition as a Prelude to Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10984. PMID:30030452 
26. Xie J, Nettel-Aguirre A, Lee BE, Chui L, Pang XL, Zhuo R, Parsons B, Vanderkooi OG, Tarr PI, Ali S, Dickinson JA, Hagen E, Svenson LW, MacDonald SE, Drews SJ, Tellier R, Graham T, Lavoie M, MacDonald J, Freedman SB, Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) and the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection Team (APPETITE Team). Relationship between Enteric Pathogen and Acute Gastroenteritis Disease Severity - A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018. PMID:29964235 
27. Tarr GAM, Shringi S, Oltean HN, Mayer J, Rabinowitz P, Wakefield J, Tarr PI, Besser TE, Phipps AI. Importance of case age in the purported association between phylogenetics and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;1-6. PMID:29914582 
28. McKee RS, Tarr PI, Dietzen DJ, Chawla R, Schnadower D. Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection in Children With Bloody Diarrhea. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018. PMID:29617871 
29. Blaisdell CJ, Troendle J, Zajicek A, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program.. Acute Responses to Diuretic Therapy in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Results from the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program Cohort Study. J Pediatr. 2018. PMID:29599068 
30. Chandrasekaran S, Burnham CD, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Wylie TN. Carriage of Cronobacter sakazakii in the very preterm infant gut. Clin Infect Dis. 2018. PMID:29394356 
31. Tarr GAM, Shringi S, Phipps AI, Besser TE, Mayer J, Oltean HN, Wakefield J, Tarr PI, Rabinowitz P. Geogenomic Segregation and Temporal Trends of Human Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Washington, USA, 2005-2014¹. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(1):32-39. PMCID:PMC5749469  PMID:29260688 
32. Knoop KA, Gustafsson JK, McDonald KG, Kulkarni DH, Coughlin PE, McCrate S, Kim D, Hsieh CS, Hogan SP, Elson CO, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria. Sci Immunol. 2017;2(18). PMCID:PMC5759965  PMID:29246946 
33. Denno DM, Tarr PI, Nataro JP. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction: A Case Definition for Intervention Trials. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(6):1643-1646. PMID:29016294 
34. Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, Langley JM, Wanke C, Warren CA, Cheng AC, Cantey J, Pickering LK. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(12):1963-1973. PMID:29194529 
35. Fotis L, Shaikh N, Baszis KW, Samson CM, Lev-Tzion R, French AR, Tarr PI. Serologic Evidence of Gut-driven Systemic Inflammation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2017;44(11):1624-1631. PMID:28916545 
36. Rusconi B, Good M, Warner BB. The Microbiome and Biomarkers for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Are We Any Closer to Prediction? J Pediatr. 2017;189:40-47.e2. PMCID:PMC5614810  PMID:28669607 
37. Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Casper TC, Gorelick MH, Dean MJ, O'Connell KJ, Mahajan P, Chun TH, Bhatt SR, Roskind CG, Powell EC, Rogers AJ, Vance C, Sapien RE, Gao F, Freedman SB. Randomised controlled trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) versus placebo in children presenting to the emergency department with acute gastroenteritis: the PECARN probiotic study protocol. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e018115. PMCID:PMC5623493  PMID:28947466 
38. Dorshow RB, Hall-Moore C, Shaikh N, Talcott MR, Faubion WA, Rogers TE, Shieh JJ, Debreczeny MP, Johnson JR, Dyer RB, Singh RJ, Tarr PI. Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):10888. PMCID:PMC5589723  PMID:28883476 
39. Melamed R, Storch GA, Holtz LR, Klein EJ, Herrin B, Tarr PI, Denno DM. Case-Control Assessment of the Roles of Noroviruses, Human Bocaviruses 2, 3, and 4, and Novel Polyomaviruses and Astroviruses in Acute Childhood Diarrhea. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017;6(3):e49-e54. PMID:28186546 
40. Stout MJ, Zhou Y, Wylie KM, Tarr PI, Macones GA, Tuuli MG. Early pregnancy vaginal microbiome trends and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(3):356.e1-356.e18. PMCID:PMC5581228  PMID:28549981 
41. Freedman SB, Xie J, Nettel-Aguirre A, Lee B, Chui L, Pang XL, Zhuo R, Parsons B, Dickinson JA, Vanderkooi OG, Ali S, Osterreicher L, Lowerison K, Tarr PI, Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE).. Enteropathogen detection in children with diarrhoea, or vomiting, or both, comparing rectal flocked swabs with stool specimens: an outpatient cohort study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(9):662-669. PMID:28712662 
42. Amadi B, Besa E, Zyambo K, Kaonga P, Louis-Auguste J, Chandwe K, Tarr PI, Denno DM, Nataro JP, Faubion W, Sailer A, Yeruva S, Brantner T, Murray J, Prendergast AJ, Turner JR, Kelly P. Impaired Barrier Function and Autoantibody Generation in Malnutrition Enteropathy in Zambia. EBioMedicine. 2017;22:191-199. PMCID:PMC5552244  PMID:28750860 
43. Barron LK, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Shannon WD, Deych E, Warner BW. Independence of gut bacterial content and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis severity. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(6):993-998. PMCID:PMC5473614  PMID:28410788 
44. Pammi M, Cope J, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Morrow AL, Mai V, Gregory KE, Kroll JS, McMurtry V, Ferris MJ, Engstrand L, Lilja HE, Hollister EB, Versalovic J, Neu J. Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):31. PMCID:PMC5343300  PMID:28274256 
45. Ordiz MI, Stephenson K, Agapova S, Wylie KM, Maleta K, Martin J, Trehan I, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and the Fecal Microbiota in Malawian Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96(2):473-476. PMCID:PMC5303055  PMID:27956653 
46. Grisaru S, Xie J, Samuel S, Hartling L, Tarr PI, Schnadower D, Freedman SB, Alberta Provincial Pediatric Enteric Infection Team. Associations Between Hydration Status, Intravenous Fluid Administration, and Outcomes of Patients Infected With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(1):68-76. PMID:27893870 
47. Ordiz MI, Shaikh N, Trehan I, Maleta K, Stauber J, Shulman R, Devaraj S, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Is Associated With Poor Linear Growth and Can Be Identified by Host Fecal mRNAs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63(5):453-459. PMCID:PMC5084633  PMID:27347722 
48. Gasparrini AJ, Crofts TS, Gibson MK, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Antibiotic perturbation of the preterm infant gut microbiome and resistome. Gut Microbes. 2016;7(5):443-9. PMCID:PMC5154371  PMID:27472377 
49. Rusconi B, Sanjar F, Koenig SS, Mammel MK, Tarr PI, Eppinger M. Whole Genome Sequencing for Genomics-Guided Investigations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreaks. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:985. PMCID:PMC4928038  PMID:27446025 
50. Planer JD, Peng Y, Kau AL, Blanton LV, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Gordon JI. Development of the gut microbiota and mucosal IgA responses in twins and gnotobiotic mice. Nature. 2016;534(7606):263-6. PMCID:PMC4902178  PMID:27279225 
51. Freedman SB, Xie J, Neufeld MS, Hamilton WL, Hartling L, Tarr PI, Alberta Provincial Pediatric Enteric Infection Team (APPETITE), Nettel-Aguirre A, Chuck A, Lee B, Johnson D, Currie G, Talbot J, Jiang J, Dickinson J, Kellner J, MacDonald J, Svenson L, Chui L, Louie M, Lavoie M, Eltorki M, Vanderkooi O, Tellier R, Ali S, Drews S, Graham T, Pang XL. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection, Antibiotics, and Risk of Developing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(10):1251-1258. PMCID:PMC4845788  PMID:26917812 
52. Warner BB, Deych E, Zhou Y, Hall-Moore C, Weinstock GM, Sodergren E, Shaikh N, Hoffmann JA, Linneman LA, Hamvas A, Khanna G, Rouggly-Nickless LC, Ndao IM, Shands BA, Escobedo M, Sullivan JE, Radmacher PG, Shannon WD, Tarr PI. Gut bacteria dysbiosis and necrotising enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants: a prospective case-control study. Lancet. 2016;387(10031):1928-36. PMCID:PMC5553277  PMID:26969089 
53. Stauber J, Shaikh N, Ordiz MI, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Droplet digital PCR quantifies host inflammatory transcripts in feces reliably and reproducibly. Cell Immunol. 2016;303:43-9. PMCID:PMC4863679  PMID:27063479 
54. Gibson MK, Wang B, Ahmadi S, Burnham CA, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Developmental dynamics of the preterm infant gut microbiota and antibiotic resistome. Nat Microbiol. 2016;1:16024. PMCID:PMC5031140  PMID:27572443 
55. Yu J, Ordiz MI, Stauber J, Shaikh N, Trehan I, Barnell E, Head RD, Maleta K, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Includes a Broad Spectrum of Inflammatory Responses and Epithelial Repair Processes. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;2(2):158-174.e1. PMCID:PMC4769221  PMID:26973864 
56. Gurnee EA, Ndao IM, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Gonzalez MD, Burnham CA, Hall-Moore CM, McGhee JE, Mellmann A, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gut Colonization of Healthy Children and Their Mothers With Pathogenic Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(12):1862-8. PMCID:PMC4655851  PMID:25969564 
57. Poindexter BB, Feng R, Schmidt B, Aschner JL, Ballard RA, Hamvas A, Reynolds AM, Shaw PA, Jobe AH, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program. Comparisons and Limitations of Current Definitions of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia for the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(12):1822-30. PMCID:PMC4722827  PMID:26397992 
58. Julian S, Burnham CA, Sellenriek P, Shannon WD, Hamvas A, Tarr PI, Warner BB. Impact of neonatal intensive care bed configuration on rates of late-onset bacterial sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(10):1173-82. PMCID:PMC5089903  PMID:26108888 
59. Lim ES, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Bauer IK, Droit L, Ndao IM, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Wang D, Holtz LR. Early life dynamics of the human gut virome and bacterial microbiome in infants. Nat Med. 2015;21(10):1228-34. PMCID:PMC4710368  PMID:26366711 
60. Ordiz MI, May TD, Mihindukulasuriya K, Martin J, Crowley J, Tarr PI, Ryan K, Mortimer E, Gopalsamy G, Maleta K, Mitreva M, Young G, Manary MJ. The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. Microbiome. 2015;3:37. doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0102-9  PMCID:PMC4558878  PMID:26334878 
61. Freedman SB, Lee BE, Louie M, Pang XL, Ali S, Chuck A, Chui L, Currie GR, Dickinson J, Drews SJ, Eltorki M, Graham T, Jiang X, Johnson DW, Kellner J, Lavoie M, MacDonald J, MacDonald S, Svenson LW, Talbot J, Tarr P, Tellier R, Vanderkooi OG. Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE): epidemiology, emerging organisms, and economics. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:89. PMCID:PMC4521468  PMID:26226953 
62. Qin X, Klein EJ, Galanakis E, Thomas AA, Stapp JR, Rich S, Buccat AM, Tarr PI. Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Clinical Samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(7):2148-53. PMCID:PMC4473226  PMID:25926491 
63. Zhang Y, Rowehl L, Krumsiek JM, Orner EP, Shaikh N, Tarr PI, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Boedeker EC, Xiong X, Parkinson J, Frank DN, Li E, Gathungu G. Identification of Candidate Adherent-Invasive E. coli Signature Transcripts by Genomic/Transcriptomic Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130902. PMCID:PMC4509574  PMID:26125937 
64. VanDussen KL, Marinshaw JM, Shaikh N, Miyoshi H, Moon C, Tarr PI, Ciorba MA, Stappenbeck TS. Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system to facilitate patient-based assays. Gut. 2015;64(6):911-20. PMCID:PMC4305344  PMID:25007816 
65. Maitre NL, Ballard RA, Ellenberg JH, Davis SD, Greenberg JM, Hamvas A, Pryhuber GS, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program. Respiratory consequences of prematurity: evolution of a diagnosis and development of a comprehensive approach. J Perinatol. 2015;35(5):313-21. doi:10.1038/jp.2015.19  PMCID:PMC4414744  PMID:25811285 
66. Pryhuber GS, Maitre NL, Ballard RA, Cifelli D, Davis SD, Ellenberg JH, Greenberg JM, Kemp J, Mariani TJ, Panitch H, Ren C, Shaw P, Taussig LM, Hamvas A, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program Investigators.. Prematurity and respiratory outcomes program (PROP): study protocol of a prospective multicenter study of respiratory outcomes of preterm infants in the United States. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:37. PMCID:PMC4407843  PMID:25886363 
67. Kuczius T, Zhang W, Merkel V, Mellmann A, Tarr PI, Karch H. Agitation down-regulates immunoglobulin binding protein EibG expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119583. PMCID:PMC4352079  PMID:25746924 
68. Moore AM, Ahmadi S, Patel S, Gibson MK, Wang B, Ndao MI, Deych E, Shannon W, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Dantas G. Gut resistome development in healthy twin pairs in the first year of life. Microbiome. 2015;3:27. doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0090-9  PMCID:PMC4480905  PMID:26113976 
69. Sommovilla J, Zhou Y, Sun RC, Choi PM, Diaz-Miron J, Shaikh N, Sodergren E, Warner BB, Weinstock GM, Tarr PI, Warner BW. Small bowel resection induces long-term changes in the enteric microbiota of mice. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(1):56-64; discussion 64. PMCID:PMC4576885  PMID:25183407 
70. Zhou Y, Burnham CA, Hink T, Chen L, Shaikh N, Wollam A, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Tarr PI, Dubberke ER. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile isolates: a single-center study. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(12):4260-6. PMCID:PMC4313296  PMID:25275005 
71. Schindler EI, Sellenriek P, Storch GA, Tarr PI, Burnham CA. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: a single-center, 11-year pediatric experience. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(10):3647-53. PMCID:PMC4187762  PMID:25078916 
72. La Rosa PS, Warner BB, Zhou Y, Weinstock GM, Sodergren E, Hall-Moore CM, Stevens HJ, Bennett WE Jr, Shaikh N, Linneman LA, Hoffmann JA, Hamvas A, Deych E, Shands BA, Shannon WD, Tarr PI. Patterned progression of bacterial populations in the premature infant gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(34):12522-7. PMCID:PMC4151715  PMID:25114261 
73. Carl MA, Ndao IM, Springman AC, Manning SD, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Burnham CA, Weinstock ES, Weinstock GM, Wylie TN, Mitreva M, Abubucker S, Zhou Y, Stevens HJ, Hall-Moore C, Julian S, Shaikh N, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(9):1211-8. PMCID:PMC3982840  PMID:24647013 
74. Bielaszewska M, Schiller R, Lammers L, Bauwens A, Fruth A, Middendorf B, Schmidt MA, Tarr PI, Dobrindt U, Karch H, Mellmann A. Heteropathogenic virulence and phylogeny reveal phased pathogenic metamorphosis in Escherichia coli O2:H6. EMBO Mol Med. 2014;6(3):347-57. PMCID:PMC3958309  PMID:24413188 
75. Sanjar F, Hazen TH, Shah SM, Koenig SS, Agrawal S, Daugherty S, Sadzewicz L, Tallon LJ, Mammel MK, Feng P, Soderlund R, Tarr PI, Debroy C, Dudley EG, Cebula TA, Ravel J, Fraser CM, Rasko DA, Eppinger M. Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 2886-75, Associated with the First Reported Case of Human Infection in the United States. Genome Announc. 2014;2(1). PMCID:PMC3886948  PMID:24407635 
76. Gurnee EA, Ndao IM, McGhee JE, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Fritz SA, Burnham CA. Fecal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in healthy children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(2):1261-2. PMCID:PMC3910844  PMID:24277049 
77. Turabelidze G, Lawrence SJ, Gao H, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Abubucker S, Wylie T, Mitreva M, Shaikh N, Gautom R, Tarr PI. Precise dissection of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(12):3950-4. PMCID:PMC3838074  PMID:24048526 
78. El Feghaly RE, Stauber JL, Tarr PI, Haslam DB. Viral co-infections are common and are associated with higher bacterial burden in children with clostridium difficile infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(6):813-6. PMCID:PMC4098970  PMID:23838821 
79. El Feghaly RE, Stauber JL, Tarr PI, Haslam DB. Intestinal inflammatory biomarkers and outcome in pediatric Clostridium difficile infections. J Pediatr. 2013;163(6):1697-1704.e2. PMCID:PMC4098967  PMID:24011765 
80. Moore AM, Patel S, Forsberg KJ, Wang B, Bentley G, Razia Y, Qin X, Tarr PI, Dantas G. Pediatric fecal microbiota harbor diverse and novel antibiotic resistance genes. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e78822. PMCID:PMC3827270  PMID:24236055 
81. Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Gorelick MH, O'Connell K, Roskind CG, Powell EC, Rao J, Bhatt S, Freedman SB. Validation of the modified Vesikari score in children with gastroenteritis in 5 US emergency departments. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(4):514-9. PMCID:PMC3788842  PMID:23676445 
82. Page AV, Tarr PI, Watkins SL, Rajwans N, Petruzziello-Pellegrini TN, Marsden PA, Kain KC, Liles WC. Dysregulation of angiopoietin 1 and 2 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(6):929-33. PMCID:PMC3749007  PMID:23801605 
83. Melamed R, Storch GA, Warner BB, Tarr PI. Gastrointestinal viruses were not found as an aetiology of culture-negative illness in NICU patients. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98(4):F374-5. PMID:23563694 
84. El Feghaly RE, Stauber JL, Deych E, Gonzalez C, Tarr PI, Haslam DB. Markers of intestinal inflammation, not bacterial burden, correlate with clinical outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(12):1713-21. PMCID:PMC3707425  PMID:23487367 
85. Eppinger M, Daugherty S, Agrawal S, Galens K, Sengamalay N, Sadzewicz L, Tallon L, Cebula TA, Mammel MK, Feng P, Soderlund R, Tarr PI, Debroy C, Dudley EG, Fraser CM, Ravel J. Whole-Genome Draft Sequences of 26 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains. Genome Announc. 2013;1(2):e0013412. PMCID:PMC3593324  PMID:23516226 
86. Zhou Y, Gao H, Mihindukulasuriya KA, La Rosa PS, Wylie KM, Vishnivetskaya T, Podar M, Warner B, Tarr PI, Nelson DE, Fortenberry JD, Holland MJ, Burr SE, Shannon WD, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM. Biogeography of the ecosystems of the healthy human body. Genome Biol. 2013;14(1):R1. PMCID:PMC4054670  PMID:23316946 
87. Saito JM, Yan Y, Evashwick TW, Warner BW, Tarr PI. Use and accuracy of diagnostic imaging by hospital type in pediatric appendicitis. Pediatrics. 2013;131(1):e37-44. PMCID:PMC3529953  PMID:23266930 
88. Agapova S, Stephenson K, Manary M, Weisz A, Tarr PI, Mkakosya R, Maleta K, Shulman RJ, Manary M, Shaikh N. Detection of low-concentration host mRNA transcripts in Malawian children at risk for environmental enteropathy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(1):66-71. PMID:22832511 
89. Denno DM, Shaikh N, Stapp JR, Qin X, Hutter CM, Hoffman V, Mooney JC, Wood KM, Stevens HJ, Jones R, Tarr PI, Klein EJ. Diarrhea etiology in a pediatric emergency department: a case control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(7):897-904. PMCID:PMC3657524  PMID:22700832 
90. Tarr PI, Karpman D. Editorial commentary: Escherichia coli O104:H4 and hemolytic uremic syndrome: the analysis begins. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(6):760-3. PMID:22670035 
91. Wong CS, Mooney JC, Brandt JR, Staples AO, Jelacic S, Boster DR, Watkins SL, Tarr PI. Risk factors for the hemolytic uremic syndrome in children infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7: a multivariable analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(1):33-41. PMCID:PMC3493180  PMID:22431799 
92. Seifert ME, Tarr PI. Azithromycin decolonization of STEC--a new risk emerges. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(7):429. PMID:22664737 
93. Petruzziello-Pellegrini TN, Yuen DA, Page AV, Patel S, Soltyk AM, Matouk CC, Wong DK, Turgeon PJ, Fish JE, Ho JJ, Steer BM, Khajoee V, Tigdi J, Lee WL, Motto DG, Advani A, Gilbert RE, Karumanchi SA, Robinson LA, Tarr PI, Liles WC, Brunton JL, Marsden PA. The CXCR4/CXCR7/SDF-1 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans and mice. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(2):759-76. PMCID:PMC3266777  PMID:22232208 
94. Hickey CA, Beattie TJ, Cowieson J, Miyashita Y, Strife CF, Frem JC, Peterson JM, Butani L, Jones DP, Havens PL, Patel HP, Wong CS, Andreoli SP, Rothbaum RJ, Beck AM, Tarr PI. Early volume expansion during diarrhea and relative nephroprotection during subsequent hemolytic uremic syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(10):884-9. PMCID:PMC4064458  PMID:21784993 
95. González-Rivera R, Culverhouse RC, Hamvas A, Tarr PI, Warner BB. The age of necrotizing enterocolitis onset: an application of Sartwell's incubation period model. J Perinatol. 2011;31(8):519-23. PMCID:PMC3145821  PMID:21273988 
96. Leopold SR, Sawyer SA, Whittam TS, Tarr PI. Obscured phylogeny and possible recombinational dormancy in Escherichia coli. BMC Evol Biol. 2011;11:183. PMCID:PMC3152902  PMID:21708031 
97. Bucher BT, McDuffie LA, Shaikh N, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Hamvas A, White FV, Erwin CR, Warner BW. Bacterial DNA content in the intestinal wall from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(6):1029-33. PMCID:PMC3118995  PMID:21683193 
98. Brockmeyer J, Aldick T, Soltwisch J, Zhang W, Tarr PI, Weiss A, Dreisewerd K, Müthing J, Bielaszewska M, Karch H. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli haemolysin is cleaved and inactivated by serine protease EspPα. Environ Microbiol. 2011;13(5):1327-41. PMCID:PMC3472028  PMID:21352460 
99. Bielaszewska M, Middendorf B, Tarr PI, Zhang W, Prager R, Aldick T, Dobrindt U, Karch H, Mellmann A. Chromosomal instability in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7: impact on adherence, tellurite resistance and colony phenotype. Mol Microbiol. 2011;79(4):1024-44. PMCID:PMC3064760  PMID:21299654 
100. Leopold SR, Shaikh N, Tarr PI. Further evidence of constrained radiation in the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infect Genet Evol. 2010;10(8):1282-5. PMCID:PMC3742067  PMID:20691811 
101. Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Saldaña Z, Deng W, Castañeda E, Freer E, Tarr PI, Finlay BB, Puente JL, Girón JA. Bacterial macroscopic rope-like fibers with cytopathic and adhesive properties. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(42):32336-42. PMCID:PMC2952234  PMID:20688909 
102. Bennett WE Jr, González-Rivera R, Puente BN, Shaikh N, Stevens HJ, Mooney JC, Klein EJ, Denno DM, Draghi A II, Sylvester FA, Tarr PI. Proinflammatory fecal mRNA and childhood bacterial enteric infections. Gut Microbes. 2010;1(4):209-212. PMCID:PMC3023602  PMID:21327027 
103. Laiko M, Murtazina R, Malyukova I, Zhu C, Boedeker EC, Gutsal O, O'Malley R, Cole RN, Tarr PI, Murray KF, Kane A, Donowitz M, Kovbasnjuk O. Shiga toxin 1 interaction with enterocytes causes apical protein mistargeting through the depletion of intracellular galectin-3. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(4):657-66. PMCID:PMC2815162  PMID:19744479 
104. Ahn CK, Russo AJ, Howell KR, Holt NJ, Sellenriek PL, Rothbaum RJ, Beck AM, Luebbering LJ, Tarr PI. Deer sausage: a newly identified vehicle of transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Pediatr. 2009;155(4):587-9. PMID:19773004 
105. Bennett WE Jr, González-Rivera R, Shaikh N, Magrini V, Boykin M, Warner BB, Hamvas A, Tarr PI. A method for isolating and analyzing human mRNA from newborn stool. J Immunol Methods. 2009;349(1-2):56-60. PMCID:PMC2850193  PMID:19660464 
106. Samadder P, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Saldaña Z, Jordan D, Tarr PI, Kaper JB, Girón JA. The Escherichia coli ycbQRST operon encodes fimbriae with laminin-binding and epithelial cell adherence properties in Shiga-toxigenic E. coli O157:H7. Environ Microbiol. 2009;11(7):1815-26. PMCID:PMC2888687  PMID:19508558 
107. Leopold SR, Magrini V, Holt NJ, Shaikh N, Mardis ER, Cagno J, Ogura Y, Iguchi A, Hayashi T, Mellmann A, Karch H, Besser TE, Sawyer SA, Whittam TS, Tarr PI. A precise reconstruction of the emergence and constrained radiations of Escherichia coli O157 portrayed by backbone concatenomic analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(21):8713-8. PMCID:PMC2689004  PMID:19439656 
108. Li ST, Klein EJ, Tarr PI, Denno DM. Parental management of childhood diarrhea. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48(3):295-303. PMID:19023110 
109. Denno DM, Keene WE, Hutter CM, Koepsell JK, Patnode M, Flodin-Hursh D, Stewart LK, Duchin JS, Rasmussen L, Jones R, Tarr PI. Tri-county comprehensive assessment of risk factors for sporadic reportable bacterial enteric infection in children. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(4):467-76. PMCID:PMC3693595  PMID:19281302 
110. Bielaszewska M, Prager R, Vandivinit L, Müsken A, Mellmann A, Holt NJ, Tarr PI, Karch H, Zhang W. Detection and characterization of the fimbrial sfp cluster in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O165:H25/NM isolates from humans and cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75(1):64-71. PMCID:PMC2612197  PMID:18978078 
111. Qin X, Zerr DM, Weissman SJ, Englund JA, Denno DM, Klein EJ, Tarr PI, Kwong J, Stapp JR, Tulloch LG, Galanakis E. Prevalence and mechanisms of broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a children's hospital experience. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(11):3909-14. PMCID:PMC2573145  PMID:18765688 
112. Bhutta ZA, Nelson EA, Lee WS, Tarr PI, Zablah R, Phua KB, Lindley K, Bass D, Phillips A, Persistent Diarrhea Working Group. Recent advances and evidence gaps in persistent diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;47(2):260-5. PMID:18664885 
113. Hill J, Beriwal S, Chandra I, Paul VK, Kapil A, Singh T, Wadowsky RM, Singh V, Goyal A, Jahnukainen T, Johnson JR, Tarr PI, Vats A. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of common strains of Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(8):2800-4. PMCID:PMC2519505  PMID:18550738 
114. Cobbold RN, Davis MA, Rice DH, Szymanski M, Tarr PI, Besser TE, Hancock DD. Associations between bovine, human, and raw milk, and beef isolates of non-O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli within a restricted geographic area of the United States. J Food Prot. 2008;71(5):1023-7. PMID:18522040 
115. Finkbeiner SR, Allred AF, Tarr PI, Klein EJ, Kirkwood CD, Wang D. Metagenomic analysis of human diarrhea: viral detection and discovery. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4(2):e1000011. PMCID:PMC2290972  PMID: