Department of Pediatrics

Clinical Interests

I am a clinical genetic specialist. My focus is on genetic skeletal dysplasia and bone diseases, congenital malformation syndromes, chromosomal disorders, microarray analysis, whole exome sequencing, autistic spectrum disorders, metabolic disorders, newborn screen for inborn error of metabolism.

Education

• BS, Cum Laude , Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1989
• MD, Summa Cum Laude, Technion-Faculty of Medicine , 1996

Training

• Residency, Rambam Medical Center, 1996 - 2000
• Post Doc, Baylor College of Medicine, 2001 - 2002
• Fellowship, Baylor College of Medicine, 2003 - 2005

Licensure and Board Certification

• 2000 - PresIsraeli Board of Pediatrics
• 2005 - 2009TX, Texas Medical License
• 2005 - PresClinical Genetics (Recertification 2015)
• 2009 - PresMO, Missouri State Board of Registration for the Healing Arts
• 2009 - PresMedical Biochemical Genetics

Honors and Awards

• B.Sc. in Biology (Cum Laude), 1990
• Dean's Award in faculty of medicine, 1990
• Dean's Award in faculty of medicine, 1991
• Dean's Award in faculty of medicine, 1992
• M.D. Diploma (Summa Cum Laude), 1996
• M.D. Thesis (Cum Laude), 1996
• Outstanding tutor of medical students in pediatrics, 1998
• Board Examination in Pediatrics (Cum Laude), 2000
• Cure Autism Now Young Investigator Award, 2005 - 2007
• The Simons Young Investigator Award at Columbia University, 2005 - 2007
• K12 award-Child Health Research Center (Baylor College of Medicine), 2007 - 2008

Recent Publications view all (135)

Publication Co-Authors

James Kemp, M.D.

Marcia C. Willing, M.D., Ph. D.

Dustin Baldridge

Todd Druley, M.D., Ph.D.

Philip Levy, M.D.

Barbara B. Warner, M.D., MSc

Jennifer A Wambach, M.D.

Thomas Ferkol, M.D.

Sheel Pathak

Elizabeth C. Utterson, M.D.

Jorge L Granadillo

Dennis J. Dietzen, Ph.D.

Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, M.D., MSCI

David B. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D.

Cori Grant

Avraham Beigelman, M.D.

Dorothy Katherine Grange, M.D.

Beth A. Kozel, M.D., Ph.D.

Ana María Arbeláez, M.D. MSCI

Robi Maamari

Scott Saunders, M.D., Ph.D.

Jennifer N. Avari Silva, M.D.

R. Mark Grady, M.D.

Bess A. Marshall, M.D.

Abby Hollander, M.D.

Robert J. Hayashi, M.D.

Francis Sessions Cole, III, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Marwan Shinawi, M.D.

1. Parente DJ, Morris SM, McKinstry RC, Brandt T, Gabau E, Ruiz A, Shinawi M. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) variants associated with seizures, developmental delay, behavioral disturbance, and subcortical brain abnormalities. Clin Genet. 2019. PMID:31721175 
2. Zhang SQ, Fleischer J, Al-Kateb H, Mito Y, Amarillo I, Shinawi M. Intragenic CNTN4 copy number variants associated with a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes. Eur J Med Genet. 2019;103736. PMID:31422286 
3. Salpietro V, Dixon CL, Guo H, Bello OD, Vandrovcova J, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Heimer G, Burglen L, Valence S, Torti E, Hacke M, Rankin J, Tariq H, Colin E, Procaccio V, Striano P, Mankad K, Lieb A, Chen S, Pisani L, Bettencourt C, Männikkö R, Manole A, Brusco A, Grosso E, Ferrero GB, Armstrong-Moron J, Gueden S, Bar-Yosef O, Tzadok M, Monaghan KG, Santiago-Sim T, Person RE, Cho MT, Willaert R, Yoo Y, Chae JH, Quan Y, Wu H, Wang T, Bernier RA, Xia K, Blesson A, Jain M, Motazacker MM, Jaeger B, Schneider AL, Boysen K, Muir AM, Myers CT, Gavrilova RH, Gunderson L, Schultz-Rogers L, Klee EW, Dyment D, Osmond M, Parellada M, Llorente C, Gonzalez-Peñas J, Carracedo A, Van Haeringen A, Ruivenkamp C, Nava C, Heron D, Nardello R, Iacomino M, Minetti C, Skabar A, Fabretto A, SYNAPS Study Group., Raspall-Chaure M, Chez M, Tsai A, Fassi E, Shinawi M, Constantino JN, De Zorzi R, Fortuna S, Kok F, Keren B, Bonneau D, Choi M, Benzeev B, Zara F, Mefford HC, Scheffer IE, Clayton-Smith J, Macaya A, Rothman JE, Eichler EE, Kullmann DM, Houlden H. AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):3094. PMID:31300657 
4. Dyment DA, Terhal PA, Rustad CF, Tveten K, Griffith C, Jayakar P, Shinawi M, Ellingwood S, Smith R, van Gassen K, McWalter K, Innes AM, Lines MA. De novo substitutions of TRPM3 cause intellectual disability and epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2019. PMID:31278393 
5. Konrad EDH, Nardini N, Caliebe A, Nagel I, Young D, Horvath G, Santoro SL, Shuss C, Ziegler A, Bonneau D, Kempers M, Pfundt R, Legius E, Bouman A, Stuurman KE, Õunap K, Pajusalu S, Wojcik MH, Vasileiou G, Le Guyader G, Schnelle HM, Berland S, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, Kersten S, Gupta A, Blackburn PR, Ellingson MS, Ferber MJ, Dhamija R, Klee EW, McEntagart M, Lichtenbelt KD, Kenney A, Vergano SA, Abou Jamra R, Platzer K, Ella Pierpont M, Khattar D, Hopkin RJ, Martin RJ, Jongmans MCJ, Chang VY, Martinez-Agosto JA, Kuismin O, Kurki MI, Pietiläinen O, Palotie A, Maarup TJ, Johnson DS, Venborg Pedersen K, Laulund LW, Lynch SA, Blyth M, Prescott K, Canham N, Ibitoye R, Brilstra EH, Shinawi M, Fassi E, DDD Study., Sticht H, Gregor A, Van Esch H, Zweier C. CTCF variants in 39 individuals with a variable neurodevelopmental disorder broaden the mutational and clinical spectrum. Genet Med. 2019. PMID:31239556 
6. Kennedy AD, Pappan KL, Donti T, Delgado MR, Shinawi M, Pearson TS, Lalani SR, Craigen WE, Sutton VR, Evans AM, Sun Q, Emrick LT, Elsea SH. 2-Pyrrolidinone and Succinimide as Clinical Screening Biomarkers for GABA-Transaminase Deficiency: Anti-seizure Medications Impact Accurate Diagnosis. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:394. PMCID:PMC6517487  PMID:31133775 
7. Schweitzer GG, Gan C, Bucelli RC, Wegner D, Schmidt RE, Shinawi M, Finck BN, Brookheart RT. A mutation in Site-1 Protease is associated with a complex phenotype that includes episodic hyperCKemia and focal myoedema. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2019;e733. PMID:31070020 
8. Beck DB, Subramanian T, Vijayalingam S, Ezekiel UR, Donkervoort S, Yang ML, Dubbs HA, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Lakhani S, Segal D, Au M, Graham JM Jr, Verma S, Waggoner D, Shinawi M, Bönnemann CG, Chung WK, Chinnadurai G. A pathogenic CtBP1 missense mutation causes altered cofactor binding and transcriptional activity. Neurogenetics. 2019. PMID:31041561 
9. Wiltrout K, Ferrer A, van de Laar I, Namekata K, Harada T, Klee EW, Zimmerman MT, Cousin MA, Kempainen JL, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, van Slegtenhorst MA, Aarts-Tesselaar CD, Schnur RE, Andrews M, Shinawi M. Variants in DOCK3 cause developmental delay and hypotonia. Eur J Hum Genet. 2019. PMID:30976111 
10. Schulze KV, Szafranski P, Lesmana H, Hopkin RJ, Hamvas A, Wambach JA, Shinawi M, Zapata G, Carvalho CMB, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Lupski JR, Hanchard NA, Stankiewicz P. Novel parent-of-origin-specific differentially methylated loci on chromosome 16. Clin Epigenetics. 2019;11(1):60. PMCID:PMC6454695  PMID:30961659 
11. Amor DJ, Stephenson SEM, Mustapha M, Mensah MA, Ockeloen CW, Lee WS, Tankard RM, Phelan DG, Shinawi M, de Brouwer APM, Pfundt R, Dowling C, Toler TL, Sutton VR, Agolini E, Rinelli M, Capolino R, Martinelli D, Zampino G, Dumić M, Reardon W, Shaw-Smith C, Leventer RJ, Delatycki MB, Kleefstra T, Mundlos S, Mortier G, Bahlo M, Allen NJ, Lockhart PJ. Pathogenic Variants in GPC4 Cause Keipert Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2019. PMID:30982611 
12. Sandler-Wilson C, Wambach JA, Marshall BA, Wegner DJ, McAlister W, Cole FS, Shinawi M. Phenotype and response to growth hormone therapy in siblings with B4GALT7 deficiency. Bone. 2019;124:14-21. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.029  PMCID:PMC6551519  PMID:30914273 
13. Palmer EE, Hong S, Al Zahrani F, Hashem MO, Aleisa FA, Ahmed HMJ, Kandula T, Macintosh R, Minoche AE, Puttick C, Gayevskiy V, Drew AP, Cowley MJ, Dinger M, Rosenfeld JA, Xiao R, Cho MT, Yakubu SF, Henderson LB, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Begtrup A, Hamad M, Shinawi M, Andrews MV, Jones MC, Lindstrom K, Bristol RE, Kayani S, Snyder M, Villanueva MM, Schteinschnaider A, Faivre L, Thauvin C, Vitobello A, Roscioli T, Kirk EP, Bye A, Merzaban J, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M, Sachdev RK, Alkuraya FS, Arold ST. De Novo Variants Disrupting the HX Repeat Motif of ATN1 Cause a Recognizable Non-Progressive Neurocognitive Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2019. PMID:30827498 
14. Torti E, Keren B, Palmer EE, Zhu Z, Afenjar A, Anderson IJ, Andrews MV, Atkinson C, Au M, Berry SA, Bowling KM, Boyle J, Buratti J, Cathey SS, Charles P, Cogne B, Courtin T, Escobar LF, Finley SL, Graham JM Jr, Grange DK, Heron D, Hewson S, Hiatt SM, Hibbs KA, Jayakar P, Kalsner L, Larcher L, Lesca G, Mark PR, Miller K, Nava C, Nizon M, Pai GS, Pappas J, Parsons G, Payne K, Putoux A, Rabin R, Sabatier I, Shinawi M, Shur N, Skinner SA, Valence S, Warren H, Whalen S, Crunk A, Douglas G, Monaghan KG, Person RE, Willaert R, Solomon BD, Juusola J. Variants in TCF20 in neurodevelopmental disability: description of 27 new patients and review of literature. Genet Med. 2019. doi:10.1038/s41436-019-0454-9  PMID:30739909 
15. Shinawi MS, Alpern R, Toomey R, Dannenfeldt DS, Reda D, Blanchard M. Birth Defects Among 788 Children Born to Gulf War Veterans Based on Physical Examination. J Occup Environ Med. 2018. PMID:30489351 
16. Thompson E, Abdalla E, Superti-Furga A, McAlister W, Kratz L, Unger S, Royer-Bertrand B, Campos-Xavier B, Mittaz-Crettol L, Amin AK, DeSanto C, Wilson DB, Douglas G, Kozel B, Shinawi M. Lamin B receptor-related disorder is associated with a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. Bone. 2018;120:354-363. PMID:30448303 
17. Bamaga AK, Maamari RN, Culican SM, Shinawi M, Golumbek PT. Child Neurology: Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome: Dramatic visual recovery after delayed riboflavin therapy. Neurology. 2018;91(20):938-941. PMID:30420458 
18. Granadillo JL, Chung WK, Hecht L, Corsten-Janssen N, Wegner D, Bijvank SWAN, Toler TL, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Douglas G, Murphy JJ, Shimony J, Shinawi M. Variable cardiovascular phenotypes associated with SMAD2 pathogenic variants. Hum Mutat. 2018. PMID:30157302 
19. Groves AP, Gettinger K, Druley TE, A Kozel B, Shinawi M, Mohrmann C, Henry J, Jacobi C, Trinkaus K, Hayashi RJ. Special Therapy and Psychosocial Needs Identified in a Multidisciplinary Cancer Predisposition Syndrome Clinic. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018. PMID:30028825 
20. Gregor A, Sadleir LG, Asadollahi R, Azzarello-Burri S, Battaglia A, Ousager LB, Boonsawat P, Bruel AL, Buchert R, Calpena E, Cogné B, Dallapiccola B, Distelmaier F, Elmslie F, Faivre L, Haack TB, Harrison V, Henderson A, Hunt D, Isidor B, Joset P, Kumada S, Lachmeijer AMA, Lees M, Lynch SA, Martinez F, Matsumoto N, McDougall C, Mefford HC, Miyake N, Myers CT, Moutton S, Nesbitt A, Novelli A, Orellana C, Rauch A, Rosello M, Saida K, Santani AB, Sarkar A, Scheffer IE, Shinawi M, Steindl K, Symonds JD, Zackai EH, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics., DDD Study., Reis A, Sticht H, Zweier C. De Novo Variants in the F-Box Protein FBXO11 in 20 Individuals with a Variable Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet. 2018. PMID:30057029 
21. Lessel D, Gehbauer C, Bramswig NC, Schluth-Bolard C, Venkataramanappa S, van Gassen KLI, Hempel M, Haack TB, Baresic A, Genetti CA, Funari MFA, Lessel I, Kuhlmann L, Simon R, Liu P, Denecke J, Kuechler A, de Kruijff I, Shoukier M, Lek M, Mullen T, Lüdecke HJ, Lerario AM, Kobbe R, Krieger T, Demeer B, Lebrun M, Keren B, Nava C, Buratti J, Afenjar A, Shinawi M, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Gauthier J, Hamdan FF, Laberge AM, Campeau PM, Louie RJ, Cathey SS, Prinz I, Jorge AAL, Terhal PA, Lenhard B, Wieczorek D, Strom TM, Agrawal PB, Britsch S, Tolosa E, Kubisch C. BCL11B mutations in patients affected by a neurodevelopmental disorder with reduced type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Brain. 2018. PMID:29985992 
22. Chemin J, Siquier-Pernet K, Nicouleau M, Barcia G, Ahmad A, Medina-Cano D, Hanein S, Altin N, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Fourage C, Nitschké P, Thevenon J, Rio M, Blanc P, Vidal C, Bahi-Buisson N, Desguerre I, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Boddaert N, Fassi E, Shinawi M, Zimmerman H, Amiel J, Faivre L, Colleaux L, Lory P, Cantagrel V. De novo mutation screening in childhood-onset cerebellar atrophy identifies gain-of-function mutations in the CACNA1G calcium channel gene. Brain. 2018. PMID:29878067 
23. Wambach JA, Wegner DJ, Yang P, Shinawi M, Baldridge D, Betleja E, Shimony JS, Spencer D, Hackett BP, Andrews MV, Ferkol T, Dutcher SK, Mahjoub MR, Cole FS. Functional characterization of biallelic RTTN variants identified in an infant with microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and seizures. Pediatr Res. 2018. PMID:29967526 
24. Siller AF, Shimony A, Shinawi M, Amarillo I, Dehner LP, Semenkovich K, Arbeláez AM. Inherited Deletion of 1q, Hyperparathyroidism, and Signs of Y-Chromosomal Influence in a Patient with Turner Syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018. PMID:29739732 
25. Vanegas S, Ramirez-Montaño D, Candelo E, Shinawi M, Pachajoa H. DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome: First Case in South America. Mol Syndromol. 2018;9(3):154-158. PMCID:PMC6006642  PMID:29928181 
26. Brereton E, Fassi E, Araujo GC, Dodd J, Telegrafi A, Pathak SJ, Shinawi M. Mutations in the PH Domain of DNM1 are associated with a nonepileptic phenotype characterized by developmental delay and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2018. PMID:29397573 
27. Otaify GA, Whyte MP, Gottesman GS, McAlister WH, Eric Gordon J, Hollander A, Andrews MV, El-Mofty SK, Chen WS, Veis DV, Stolina M, Woo AS, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, Zhang F, Shinawi M. Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia: Severe atypical presentation with novel heterozygous mutation of the anoctamin gene (ANO5). Bone. 2018;107:161-171. PMID:29175271 
28. White JJ, Mazzeu JF, Coban-Akdemir Z, Bayram Y, Bahrambeigi V, Hoischen A, van Bon BWM, Gezdirici A, Gulec EY, Ramond F, Touraine R, Thevenon J, Shinawi M, Beaver E, Heeley J, Hoover-Fong J, Durmaz CD, Karabulut HG, Marzioglu-Ozdemir E, Cayir A, Duz MB, Seven M, Price S, Ferreira BM, Vianna-Morgante AM, Ellard S, Parrish A, Stals K, Flores-Daboub J, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics., Brunner HG, Sutton VR, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. WNT Signaling Perturbations Underlie the Genetic Heterogeneity of Robinow Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2017. PMID:29276006 
29. Wambach JA, Stettner GM, Haack TB, Writzl K, Škofljanec A, Maver A, Munell F, Ossowski S, Bosio M, Wegner DJ, Shinawi M, Baldridge D, Alhaddad B, Strom TM, Grange DK, Wilichowski E, Troxell R, Collins J, Warner BB, Schmidt RE, Pestronk A, Cole FS, Steinfeld R. Survival among children with "Lethal" congenital contracture syndrome 11 caused by novel mutations in the gliomedin gene (GLDN). Hum Mutat. 2017;38(11):1477-1484. PMCID:PMC5638693  PMID:28726266 
30. Hsu T, Coughlin CC, Monaghan KG, Fiala E, McKinstry RC, Paciorkowski AR, Shinawi M. CEDNIK: Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of an Additional Patient and Review of the Literature. Child Neurol Open. 2017;4:2329048X17733214. PMCID:PMC5638153  PMID:29051910 
31. Shen W, Heeley JM, Carlston CM, Acuna-Hidalgo R, Nillesen WM, Dent KM, Douglas GV, Levine KL, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Marcelis CL, Shinawi M, Carey JC. The spectrum of DNMT3A variants in Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome overlaps with that in hematologic malignancies. Am J Med Genet A. 2017. PMID:28941052 
32. Norris SA, Pogarcic A, Hicks M, Perlmutter JS, Shinawi M. Adult-onset dystonia with marfanoid features. Neurol Clin Pract. 2017;7(4):e31-e34. PMCID:PMC5566795  PMID:28840904 
33. Chen CA, Bosch DGM, Cho ScM MT, Rosenfeld JA, Shinawi M, Lewis RA, Mann J, Jayakar P, Payne K, Walsh L, Moss T, Schreiber A, Schoonveld C, Monaghan KG, Elmslie F, Douglas G, Boonstra FN, Millan F, Cremers FPM, McKnight D, Richard G, Juusola J, Kendall F, Ramsey K, Anyane-Yeboa K, Malkin E, Chung WK, Niyazov D, Pascual JM, Walkiewicz M, Veluchamy V, Li C, Hisama FM, de Vries BBA, Schaaf C. CORRIGENDUM: The expanding clinical phenotype of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome: 20 new cases and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Genet Med. 2017;19(8):962. PMID:28777376 
34. Marom R, Jain M, Burrage LC, Song IW, Graham BH, Brown CW, Stevens SJC, Stegmann APA, Gunter AT, Kaplan JD, Gavrilova RH, Shinawi M, Rosenfeld JA, Bae Y, Tran AA, Chen Y, Lu JT, Gibbs RA, Eng C, Yang Y, Rousseau J, de Vries BBA, Campeau PM, Lee B. Heterozygous variants in ACTL6A, encoding a component of the BAF complex, are associated with intellectual disability. Hum Mutat. 2017. PMID:28649782 
35. Baldridge D, Heeley J, Vineyard M, Manwaring L, Toler TL, Fassi E, Fiala E, Brown S, Goss CW, Willing M, Grange DK, Kozel BA, Shinawi M. The Exome Clinic and the role of medical genetics expertise in the interpretation of exome sequencing results. Genet Med. 2017. PMID:28252636 
36. Hirose K, Shinawi M. Support for the Diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome-Reply. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017. PMID:28241177 
37. Spencer DH, Russler-Germain DA, Ketkar S, Helton NM, Lamprecht TL, Fulton RS, Fronick CC, O'Laughlin M, Heath SE, Shinawi M, Westervelt P, Payton JE, Wartman LD, Welch JS, Wilson RK, Walter MJ, Link DC, DiPersio JF, Ley TJ. CpG Island Hypermethylation Mediated by DNMT3A Is a Consequence of AML Progression. Cell. 2017;168(5):801-816.e13. PMCID:PMC5328582  PMID:28215704 
38. Gkourogianni A, Andrew M, Tyzinski L, Crocker M, Douglas J, Dunbar N, Fairchild J, Funari MF, Heath KE, Jorge AA, Kurtzman T, LaFranchi S, Lalani S, Lebl J, Lin Y, Los E, Newbern D, Nowak C, Olson M, Popovic J, Pruhová Š, Elblova L, Quintos JB, Segerlund E, Sentchordi L, Shinawi M, Stattin EL, Swartz J, Angel AG, Cuéllar SD, Hosono H, Sanchez-Lara PA, Hwa V, Baron J, Nilsson O, Dauber A. Clinical Characterization of Patients With Autosomal Dominant Short Stature due to Aggrecan Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(2):460-469. PMCID:PMC5413162  PMID:27870580 
39. Gillentine MA, Berry LN, Goin-Kochel RP, Ali MA, Ge J, Guffey D, Rosenfeld JA, Hannig V, Bader P, Proud M, Shinawi M, Graham BH, Lin A, Lalani SR, Reynolds J, Chen M, Greb T, Minard CG, Stankiewicz P, Beaudet AL, Schaaf CP. The Cognitive and Behavioral Phenotypes of Individuals with CHRNA7 Duplications. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016. PMID:27853923 
40. Parente DJ, Garriga C, Baskin B, Douglas G, Cho MT, Araujo GC, Shinawi M. Neuroligin 2 nonsense variant associated with anxiety, autism, intellectual disability, hyperphagia, and obesity. Am J Med Genet A. 2016. PMID:27865048 
41. Wineland A, Menezes MD, Shimony JS, Shinawi MS, Hullar TE, Hirose K. Prevalence of Semicircular Canal Hypoplasia in Patients With CHARGE Syndrome: 3C Syndrome. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016. PMID:27832265 
42. Dai H, Zhang VW, El-Hattab AW, Ficicioglu C, Shinawi M, Lines M, Schulze A, McNutt M, Gotway G, Tian X, Chen S, Wang J, Craigen WJ, Wong LJ. cprFBXL4 defects are common in patients with congenital lactic acidemia and encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Clin Genet. 2016. PMID:27743463 
43. Caubit X, Gubellini P, Andrieux J, Roubertoux PL, Metwaly M, Jacq B, Fatmi A, Had-Aissouni L, Kwan KY, Salin P, Carlier M, Liedén A, Rudd E, Shinawi M, Vincent-Delorme C, Cuisset JM, Lemaitre MP, Abderrehamane F, Duban B, Lemaitre JF, Woolf AS, Bockenhauer D, Severac D, Dubois E, Zhu Y, Sestan N, Garratt AN, Le Goff LK, Fasano L. TSHZ3 deletion causes an autism syndrome and defects in cortical projection neurons. Nat Genet. 2016. PMID:27668656 
44. Beck DB, Cho MT, Millan F, Yates C, Hannibal M, O'Connor B, Shinawi M, Connolly AM, Waggoner D, Halbach S, Angle B, Sanders V, Shen Y, Retterer K, Begtrup A, Bai R, Chung WK. A recurrent de novo CTBP1 mutation is associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, ataxia, and tooth enamel defects. Neurogenetics. 2016. doi:10.1007/s10048-016-0482-4  PMID:27094857 
45. Chen CA, Bosch DG, Cho MT, Rosenfeld JA, Shinawi M, Lewis RA, Mann J, Jayakar P, Payne K, Walsh L, Moss T, Schreiber A, Schoonveld C, Monaghan KG, Elmslie F, Douglas G, Boonstra FN, Millan F, Cremers FP, McKnight D, Richard G, Juusola J, Kendall F, Ramsey K, Anyane-Yeboa K, Malkin E, Chung WK, Niyazov D, Pascual JM, Walkiewicz M, Veluchamy V, Li C, Hisama FM, de Vries BB, Schaaf C. The expanding clinical phenotype of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome: 20 new cases and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Genet Med. 2016. doi:10.1038/gim.2016.18  PMID:26986877 
46. Stamberger H, Nikanorova M, Willemsen MH, Accorsi P, Angriman M, Baier H, Benkel-Herrenbrueck I, Benoit V, Budetta M, Caliebe A, Cantalupo G, Capovilla G, Casara G, Courage C, Deprez M, Destrée A, Dilena R, Erasmus CE, Fannemel M, Fjær R, Giordano L, Helbig KL, Heyne HO, Klepper J, Kluger GJ, Lederer D, Lodi M, Maier O, Merkenschlager A, Michelberger N, Minetti C, Muhle H, Phalin J, Ramsey K, Romeo A, Schallner J, Schanze I, Shinawi M, Sleegers K, Sterbova K, Syrbe S, Traverso M, Tzschach A, Uldall P, Van Coster R, Verhelst H, Viri M, Winter S, Wolff M, Zenker M, Zoccante L, De Jonghe P, Helbig I, Striano P, Lemke JR, Møller RS, Weckhuysen S. STXBP1 encephalopathy: A neurodevelopmental disorder including epilepsy. Neurology. 2016;86(10):954-62. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002457  PMID:26865513 
47. Zhang B, Willing M, Grange DK, Shinawi M, Manwaring L, Vineyard M, Kulkarni S, Cottrell CE. Multigenerational autosomal dominant inheritance of 5p chromosomal deletions. Am J Med Genet A. 2016;170(3):583-93. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.37445  PMID:26601658 
48. Lalani SR, Liu P, Rosenfeld JA, Watkin LB, Chiang T, Leduc MS, Zhu W, Ding Y, Pan S, Vetrini F, Miyake CY, Shinawi M, Gambin T, Eldomery MK, Akdemir ZH, Emrick L, Wilnai Y, Schelley S, Koenig MK, Memon N, Farach LS, Coe BP, Azamian M, Hernandez P, Zapata G, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Lotze T, Clark G, Wilfong A, Northrup H, Adesina A, Bacino CA, Scaglia F, Bonnen PE, Crosson J, Duis J, Maegawa GH, Coman D, Inwood A, McGill J, Boerwinkle E, Graham B, Beaudet A, Eng CM, Hanchard NA, Xia F, Orange JS, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Yang Y. Recurrent Muscle Weakness with Rhabdomyolysis, Metabolic Crises, and Cardiac Arrhythmia Due to Bi-allelic TANGO2 Mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 2016;98(2):347-57. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.008  PMCID:PMC4746334  PMID:26805781 
49. Chung WK, Martin K, Jalas C, Braddock SR, Juusola J, Monaghan KG, Warner B, Franks S, Yudkoff M, Lulis L, Rhodes RH, Prasad V, Torti E, Cho MT, Shinawi M. Mutations in COQ4, an essential component of coenzyme Q biosynthesis, cause lethal neonatal mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. J Med Genet. 2015;52(9):627-35. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103140  PMID:26185144 
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