Department of Pediatrics

Education

• BA, Union College, 1997
• BA, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, The Netherlands Institute of the Health Sciences in conjunction with Nijmegen University, and Semmelweis University, 1994
• MD, St. George's University School of Medicine, 2002

Training

• Residency in Pediatrics, Miami Children's Hospital, 2002 - 2005
• Fellowship in Pediatric Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 2005 - 2008
• Fellow, Rudy Lab in Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, 2006 - 2008
• 4th year Advanced Fellowship in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiology, Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, 2008 - 2009
• Leadless Pacemaker Implant, Medtronic, Inc, 2018 - 2018

Licensure and Board Certification

• 2002 - PresECFMG
• 2005 - PresDiplomate, American Board of Pediatrics, General Pediatrics Certification
• 2009 - PresMO, BNDD
• 2009 - PresMO, DEA
• 2009 - PresMO, Missouri Board of Medicine
• 2009 - PresMissouri Board of Medicine, Controlled Medication License
• 2009 - PresMO, Missouri State Board of Registration for the Healing Arts
• 2009 - PresIL, Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation
• 2009 - PresIL, Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, Controlled Substance License
• 2010 - PresIL, Department of Financial and Professional Regulation Divisional of Professional Regulation
• 2012 - PresDiplomate, American Board of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology Certification
• 2015 - 2025International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners, Certified Electrophysiology Specialist--Pediatric Cardiology, certificate #: 192745

Honors and Awards

• Best Poster, 18th Annual HHS SBIR/STTR Conference, 2016
• Fellow, Heart Rhythm Society, 2016 - Pres
• Fellow, American Heart Association, 2018 - Pres
• Founder Nomination, Tech Startup Readiness Project, Ball State University and Indiana University, 2019
• Innovator Award (Skandy Award), Skandalaris Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2019
• World Zoroastrian Entrepreneur, World Zarathushti Chamber of Commerce, 2019
• Finalist (Deamer Category), LaunchCode’s Moonshot Awards, 2019
• Top Doctor, St Louis Magazine, 2019 - Pres
• Fellow, American College of Cardiology, 2020 - Pres
• IDEA Award for Design Interaction, 2020
• Silver Prize, Edison Award 2021 in Surgical Visualization Platforms (Science, Medical and Dental), 2021

Recent Publications view all (63)

Publication Co-Authors

Marwan Shinawi, M.D.

Philip Levy, M.D.

Charles Canter, M.D.

Aarti Dalal

George F. Van Hare, M.D.

William Brinson Orr, MD, FACC

David Balzer, M.D.

Avihu Z. Gazit, M.D.

Francis Sessions Cole, III, M.D.

Washington University has a long tradition of collaboration amongst colleagues.The faculty above have co-authored publications with Jennifer N. Avari Silva, M.D.

1. Prakosa A, Southworth MK, Avari Silva JN, Silva JR, Trayanova NA. Impact of Augmented Reality Improvement in Ablation Catheter Navigation as Assessed by Virtual-Heart Simulation of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2021;133:104366. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104366  
2. Lorimer D, Dalal AS, Miller ND, Roelle LM, Orr WB, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Comparing Patient and Family Usability of Insertable Cardiac Monitors in a Pediatric Cohort: Patient External Activator Versus Smartphone Transmission Heart Rhythm O2. 2021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hroo.2021.03.004  
3. Orr WB, Chokshi R, Groh G, Avari Silva JN, Van Hare GF, Dalal AS. A unique cardiovascular presentation of pheochromocytoma SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2021;9:1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X21994037  
4. Roelle L, Dalal AS, Miller NS, Orr WB, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. The Impact of Direct to Consumer Wearables in Pediatric Electrophysiology Telehealth Clinics: A Real-World Case Series Cardiovasc Digit Health J. 2020;1(3):169-171. doi:10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.09.005  PMCID:PMCID 7538375  PMID:33043315 
5. Tarakji KG, Silva JNA, Chen LY, Turakhia MP, Perez MV, Attia ZI, Passman R, Boissy A, Cho DJ, Majmudar M, Mehta N, Wan EY, Chung MK. Digital Health and the Care of the Arrhythmia Patient; What Every Electrophysiologist Needs to Know Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol . 2020;12(11):e007953. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.120.007953  PMID:33021815 
6. Orr WB, Stanley C, Dalal AS, Zoeller B, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Institutional experience of healthy pediatric patients presenting with atrial fibrillation who had an electrophysiology study J Card Surg. 2020;35(5):1004-1009. doi:10.1111/jocs.14506  PMID:32163635 
7. Silva JNA, Privitera MB, Southworth MK, Silva JR. Development and Human Factors Considerations for Extended Reality Applications in Medicine: The Enhanced ELectrophysiology Visualization and Interaction System (ĒLVIS) Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality. Industrial and Everyday Life Applications. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2020;12191:341-356. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49698-2_23  
8. Avari Silva JN, Southworth MK, Blume WM, Andrews C, Van Hare GF, Dalal AS, Miller ND, Sodhi SS, Silva JR. First-In-Human Use of a Mixed Reality Display During Cardiac Ablation Procedures JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2020;6(8):1023-1025. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.04.036  PMCID:PMC7743819  PMID:32819517 
9. Southworth MK, Silva JNA, Blume WM, Van Hare GF, Dalal AS, Silva JR. Performance Evaluation of Mixed Reality Display for Guidance during Transcatheter Cardiac Mapping and Ablation. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2020;(3):1-10. doi:10.1109/JTEHM.2020.3007031  PMCID:PMC7390021  PMID:32742821 
10. Orr WB, Roberts B, Dalal AS, Avari Silva JN, Van Hare GF. Successful Institutional Development of a Pediatric Exercise Stress Testing Program after the Establishment of a Dedicated Exercise Team Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 2020;23(3):38+. 
11. Southworth MK, Silva JR, Silva JNA. Use of Extended Realities in Cardiology Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(3):143-148. PMCID:PMC6917970  PMID:31076168 
12. Avari Silva JN, Van Hare GF. Catheter Ablation in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: A Modern Perspective Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol . 2019;12(11):e008019. doi:DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.119.008019  PMID:31722542 
13. Andrews C, Southworth MK, Silva JNA, Silva JR. Extended Reality In Medical Practice Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2019;21(4):18. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0722-7  PMCID:PMC6919549  PMID:30929093 
14. Dubin AM, Jorgensen NW, Radbill AE, Bradley DJ, Silva JN, Tsao S, Kanter RJ, Tanel RE, Trivedi B, Young ML, Pflaumer A, McCormack J, Seslar SP. What have we learned in the last 20 years? A Comparison of a Modern Era Pediatric and Congenital Catheter Ablation Registry to Prior Pediatric Ablation Registries Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(1):57-63. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.013  PMID:30118886 
15. Gropler MR, Dalal AS, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Can smartphone wireless ECGs be used to accurately assess ECG intervals in pediatrics? A comparison of mobile health monitoring to standard 12-lead ECG PLoS One . 2018;13(9):e0204403. doi:DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204403  PMCID:PMC6160047  PMID:30260996 
16. Silva JNA, Southworth M, Raptis C, Silva JR. Emerging Applications of Virtual Reality in Cardiovascular Medicine JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2018;3(3):420-430. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.11.009  PMCID:PMC6058998  PMID:30062228 
17. Ambrose MB, Silva JNA, Rudokas M, Bowman TM, Murphy J, Van Hare GF. Coronary sinus morphology in pediatric patients with supraventricular tachycardia J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2018;51(2):163-168. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0323-5  PMID:29397525 
18. Papagiannis J, Beissel DJ, Krause U, Cabrera M, Telishevska M, Seslar A, Johnsrude C, Anderson C, Tisma-Dupanovic S, Connelly D, Avramidis D, Carter C, Kornyei L, Law I, Von Bergen N, Janusek J, Silva JNA, Rosenthal E, Willcox M, Kubus P, Hessling G, Paul T and for the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Outcome After Catheter Ablation Cric A&E. 2017;10(7):e004896. doi:DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004869  PMID:28687669 
19. Nguyen HH, Law IH, Rudokas MW, Lampe J, Bowman TM, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Reveal LINQ Versus Reveal XT Implantable Loop Recorders: Intra- and Post-Procedural Comparison. J Pediatr. 2017;187:290-294. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.057  PMID:28545873 
20. Dalal AS, Nguyen HH, Bowman T, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Force-Sensing Catheters During Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation: The FEDERATION Study. JAHA. 2017;6(5):e005772. doi:DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005772  PMCID:PMC5524110  PMID:28515113 
21. Kim H, Wolff J, Dalal A, Van Hare GF, Avari Silva JN. Use of intravenous sotalol in newborns with supraventricular tachycardia. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2017;3(7):332-335. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2017.03.010  PMCID:PMC5511985  PMID:28748138 
22. Moore JP, Wang S, Albers EL, Salerno JC, Stephenson EA, Shah MJ, Pflaumer A, Czosek RJ, Garnreiter JM, Collins K, Papez AL, Sanatani S, Cain NB, Kannankeril PJ, Perry JC, Mandapati R, Silva JN, Balaji S, Shannon KM. A Clinical Risk Score to Improve the Diagnosis of Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Childhood. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118(7):1074-80. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.07.008  PMID:27515893 
23. Nguyen HH, Shahanavaz S, Van Hare GF, Balzer DT, Nicolas R, Avari Silva JN. Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation Alters Electrophysiologic Substrate J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(10):e004325. doi:DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004325  PMCID:PMC5121524   PMID:27694326 
24. Avari Silva JN, Bromberg BI, Emge FK, Bowman TM, Van Hare GF. Implantable Loop Recorder Monitoring for Refining Management of Children With Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(6):e003632. doi:DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003632  PMCID:PMC4937287  PMID:27231019 
25. Nguyen HH, Silva JNA. Use of Smartphone Technology in Cardiology Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2016;26(4):376-86. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.11.002  PMID:26686266 
26. Lehman GC, Van Hare GF, Silva JNA. . Atrial Tachycardia in an Electrically Dissociated Native Right Atrium after Heart Transplantation. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2016;2(4):356-359. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2016.04.004  PMCID:PMC5419896  PMID:28491709 
27. Dykes JC, Al-mousily MF, Abuchaibe EC, Silva JN, Zadinsky J, Duarte D, Welch E. The incidence of chromosome abnormalities in neonates with structural heart disease Heart. 2016;102(8):634-7. doi:DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308650  PMID:26843533 
28. Nguyen HH, Van Hare GF, Rudokas M, Bowman T, Silva JN. SPEAR Trial: Smartphone Pediatric ElectrocARdiogram Trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0136256. doi:DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136256  PMCID:PMC4546652  PMID:26295569 
29. Rockefeller TA, Silva JNA, Liao S, Vichharajani A. . Corrected QT prolongation and bradycardia during therapeutic hypothermia in an infant: a case report NeoReviews. 2015. 
30. Zhang J, Sacher F, Hoffmayer K, O'Hara T, Strom M, Cuculich P, Silva J, Cooper D, Faddis M, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Scheinman M, Rudy Y. Cardiac electrophysiological substrate underlying the ECG phenotype and electrogram abnormalities in Brugada syndrome patients. Circulation. 2015;131(22):1950-9. doi:DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013698  PMCID:PMC4452400  PMID:25810336 
31. Vijayakumar R, Silva JNA, Desouza KA, Abraham RL, Strom M, Sacher F, Van Hare GF, Haïssaguerre M, Roden DM, Rudy Y (* denotes co-first authors). Electrophysiologic substrate in congenital Long QT syndrome: noninvasive mapping with electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI). Circulation. 2014;130(22):1936-1943. doi:DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011359  PMCID:PMC4245321  PMID:25294783 
32. Silva JNA. Commentary Clin Chem. 2014;60(9):1156. doi:DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.226241  PMID:25170165 
33. Rudokas MW, Patel MD, Bowman TM, Van Hare GF, Silva JNAS. Lead Advancement in Pediatric Patients with SelectSecure 3830 Pacing Leads J Cardiol Curr Res. 2014;1(3):75. doi:DOI: 10.15406/jccr.2014.01.00015  
34. Moore JP, Patel PA, Shannon KM, Albers EL, Salerno JC, Stein MA, Stephenson EA, Mohan S, Shah MJ, Asakai H, Pflaumer A, Czosek RJ, Everitt MD, Garnreiter JM, McCanta AC, Papez AL, Escudero C, Sanatani S, Cain NB, Kannankeril PJ, Bratincsak A, Mandapati R, Silva JN, Knecht KR, Balaji S. Predictors of myocardial recovery in pediatric tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(7):1163-9. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.04.023  PMID:24751393 
35. Silva JN, Erickson CC, Carter CD, Greene EA, Kantoch M, Collins KK, Miyake CY, Carboni MP, Rhee EK, Papez A, Anand V, Bowman TM, Van Hare GF, Participating Members of Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES). Management of pediatric tachyarrhythmias on mechanical support. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7(4):658-663. doi:DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000973  PMID:24987047 
36. Silva JN, Von Bergen NH, Dubin AM, Collins KK, Chen J, Bowman TM, Van Hare GF. Assessment of intrathoracic impedance algorithm in the pediatric and adult congenital population. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2014;37(9):1174-80. doi:DOI: 10.1111/pace.12372  PMID:24646399 
37. Mills KI, Anderson J, Levy PT, Cole FS, Silva JNA, Kulkarni S, Shinawi M. Duplication of 20p12.3 associated with familial Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2013;161A(1):137-44. doi:DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35701  PMID:23239491 
38. Silva JN, Silva JR. Updates on the inherited cardiac ion channelopathies: from cell to clinical. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2012;14(5):473-89. doi:10.1007/s11936-012-0198-1  PMID:22865245 
39. Silva JN, Vashist S, Van Hare GF. 3:2 antegrade atrioventricular block with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia: what is the mechanism and where is the block? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(7):877-9. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03420.x  PMID:22553974 
40. Vashist S, Silva JN, Van Hare GF, Papez AL, Su WW, Rhee EK. Unusually high association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and complex heart defects in children with fasciculoventricular pathways. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(3):308-13. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03274.x  PMID:22242628 
41. Blaufox AD, Tristani-Firouzi M, Seslar S, Sanatani S, Trivedi B, Fishbach P, Paul T, Young ML, Tisma-Dupanovic S, Silva JNA, Cuneo B, Fournier A, Singh H, Tanel RE, Ethridge SP. Congenital long QT 3 in the pediatric population Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(10):1459-65. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.01.361  PMID:22360817 
42. Ghosh S, Silva JN, Canham RM, Bowman TM, Zhang J, Rhee EK, Woodard PK, Rudy Y (* denotes co-first authors). Electrophysiologic substrate and intraventricular left ventricular dyssynchrony in nonischemic heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(5):692-9. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.017  PMCID:PMC3096066  PMID:21232630 
43. Silva JN, Canter CE, Singh TP, Gauvreau K, Piercey GE, Berul CI, Smoot LB, Blume ED, Fynn-Thompson F, Almond CS. Outcomes of heart transplantation using donor hearts from infants with sudden infant death syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010;29(11):1226-30. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2010.06.004  PMID:20691612 
44. Collins KK, Silva JN, Rhee EK, Schaffer MS. Use of a wearable automated defibrillator in children compared to young adults. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2010;33(9):1119-24. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02819.x  PMID:20561227 
45. Silver ES, Silva JN, Ceresnak SR, Chiesa NA, Rhee EK, Dubin AM, Avasarala K, Van Hare GF, Collins KK. Cryoablation with an 8-mm tip catheter for pediatric atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia is safe and efficacious with a low incidence of recurrence. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2010;33(6):681-6. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02706.x  PMID:20230479 
46. Silva JN, Canter CE. Current management of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2010;25(2):80-7. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e328335b220  PMID:20019605 
47. Silva JN, Van Hare GF. Management of postoperative pediatric cardiac arrhythmias: current state of the art. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2009;11(5):410-6. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s11936-009-0043-3  PMID:19846040 
48. Silva JNA, Ghosh S, Bowman TM, Rhee EK, Woodard PK, Rudy Y. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric congenital heart disease: insights from noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(8):1178-85. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.04.017  PMCID:PMC2717033  PMID:19632630 
49. Collins KK, Van Hare GF, Kertesz NJ, Law IH, Bar-Cohen Y, Dubin AM, Etheridge SP, Berul CI, Avari JN, Tuzcu V, Sreeram N, Schaffer MS, Fournier A, Sanatani S, Snyder CS, Smith RT Jr, Arabia L, Hamilton R, Chun T, Liberman L, Kakavand B, Paul T, Tanel RE. Pediatric non post-operative junctional ectopic tachycardia medical management and interventional therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(8):690-7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.019  PMID:19232902 
50. Ghosh S, Avari JN, Rhee EK, Woodard PK, Rudy Y. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with preexcitation: insights from noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) and catheter mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19(11):1215-7. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01203.x  PMCID:PMC2631093  PMID:18479334 
51. Avari JN, Rhee EK. Cardiac resynchronization therapy for pediatric heart failure. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(10):1476-8. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.05.024  PMID:18672406 
52. Ghosh S, Rhee EK, Avari JN, Woodard PK, Rudy Y. Cardiac memory in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: noninvasive imaging of activation and repolarization before and after catheter ablation. Circulation. 2008;118(9):907-15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.781658  PMCID:PMC2747627  PMID:18697818 
53. Avari JN, Rhee EK. Markers of coronary sinus accessory pathways in pediatrics. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31(8):968-73. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01123.x  PMID:18684252 
54. Ghosh S, Avari JN, Rhee EK, Woodard PK, Rudy Y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) of epicardial activation before and after catheter ablation of the accessory pathway in a patient with Ebstein anomaly. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(6):857-60. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.03.011  PMCID:PMC2967218  PMID:18482872 
55. Ghosh S, Avari JN, Rhee EK, Woodard PK, Rudy Y (*denotes co-first authors). Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) of a univentricular heart with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(4):605-8. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.12.018  PMCID:PMC2329801  PMID:18325851 
56. Avari JN, Jay KS, Rhee EK. Experience and results during transition from radiofrequency ablation to cryoablation for treatment of pediatric atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31(4):454-60. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01033.x  PMID:18373764 
57. Gazit AZ, Avari JN, Balzer DT, Rhee EK. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in children: is a diagnostic electrocardiogram always diagnostic? Pediatrics. 2007;120(2):440-4. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0170  PMID:17671071 
58. Avari JN, Rhee EK. Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Tachyarrhythmias US Cardiology. 2006;35(2):1-5. 
59. Silva JNA, Southworth MK, Andrews CM, Privitera MB, Henry A, Silva JR. Design Considerations for Interacting and Navigating with 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional Medical Images in Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality Medical Applications Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality. Industrial and Everyday Life Applications. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 
60. Beams R, Avari Silva JN, Baldano A. . Accelerating the Application of Extended Reality Devices in Medicine IEEE Access. 
61. Chiamvimonvat N, Frazier-Mills C, Shen S, Silva JNA, Wan E. Sex and Race Disparities in Presumed Sudden Cardiac Death--One Size Does Not Fit All Circ: A&E. 
62. Avar Silva JN, Southworth MK, Silva JR. The Future of Electrophysiology: Using Mixed Reality During Cardiac Ablation Procedures EP Lab Digest. 
63. Orr WB, Chokshi R, Groh G, Silva JNA, Van Hare GF, Dalal AS. A unique cardiovascular presentation of pheochromocytoma SAGE Open Medical Case Reports.